Recent recommendations in regard to the level of alcohol intake have mainly been based on epidemiologic studies which relied on self-reported amounts of alcohol consumed. Therefore, it is important to be aware of the quality of self-reported measures of alcohol intake. Alcohol intake assessment methods were reviewed with respect to their capacity to rank individuals according to alcohol intake ...

In the article concepts and facts necessary to continue formalization of theory of continuous lattices according to [11] are introduced. and [4] provide the notation and terminology for this paper. 1. PRELIMINARIES The following two propositions are true: (1) For all sets X, A, B such that A ∈ Fin X and B ⊆ A holds B ∈ Fin X. (2) For every set X and for every family F of subsets of X such that ...

Spectral learning recently generated lots of excitement in machine learning, largely because it is the first known method to produce consistent estimates (under suitable conditions) for several latent variable models. In contrast, maximum likelihood estimates may get trapped in local optima due to the non-convex nature of the likelihood function of latent variable models. In this paper, we do a...

We investigate various notions of sobriety for topological spaces that are equivalent in ZF set theory with the Axiom of Choice but may differ in the absence of choice principles. The Ultrafilter Principle UP (alias Prime Ideal Theorem) suffices for the desired conclusions. We derive from UP three topological postulates and prove their equivalence in ZF without choice: the Well-Filtration Princ...

The paper creates the chaotic soybeans production growth model. This model includes in-vestment in ICTs agriculture. Further, discovers a sequence of Elliot waves soyabeans market China period 1991–2015. Investment information and communication technologies (ICTs) agriculture improved both productivity soybean stability. stable convergent fluctuations existed observed period.

Considering the importance yet paucity of help-seeking in e-learning, the present study investigated the motivational antecedents of help-seeking among online college students. We explored and compared the influences of achievement approach goals from the old and new achievement motivation models (Elliot & McGregor, 2001; Elliot, Murayama, & Pekrun, 2011) on online students’ help-seeking throug...

OBJECTIVE There is widespread belief among doctors that posterior midline tenderness is virtually a prerequisite for spinal fracture in alert, sober patients without any painful distracting injury or neurological deficit. This paper examines and challenges this belief. METHODS AND RESULTS We present three patients in whom significant thoracic and lumbar vertebral fractures were missed, or wer...

AIMS To examine the moderating effects of alcohol myopia on cognitive impulsivity in humans using the delay-discounting paradigm. METHODS Seventy-six male undergraduate students were randomly assigned to sober, placebo or alcohol conditions. In the delay-discounting task, participants made a series of hypothetical choices between a small, immediate reward and a large, delayed reward. To test ...