The amygdala, which exerts a regulatory influence on the stress response, is itself affected by stress. It has been reported that the serine protease tissue-plasminogen activator (tPA), a key mediator of spine plasticity, is required for stress-induced facilitation of anxiety-like behavior. Importantly, tPA is also involved in stress-induced activation of molecular signals that have the potenti...

Carpenter RL, Lemmer JT, Francis RM, Knous JL, Sarzynski MA, Womack CJ. Tissue Plasminogen Activator And Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Gene Expression in Muscle After Maximal Acute Aerobic Exercise. JEPonline 2010;13(6):35-44. Animal studies suggest plasminogen activation in skeletal muscle is necessary for muscle repair. However, plasminogen activators have been studied little in humans. T...

Experiments were conducted to examine the in vitro effects of a phorbol ester and a calcium ionophore on bovine luteal oxytocin (OT) secretion and synthesis and progesterone secretion. Corpora lutea removed from beef heifers on d 8 of an estrous cycle were sliced and incubated for 2 h with .81 nM 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), 1.62 nM TPA or .3 microM calcium ionophore A23187. Both...

Tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) is an extracellular protease that converts plasminogen into plasmin. For tPA to generate plasmin under biologic conditions, a cofactor must first bring tPA and plasminogen into physical proximity. Fibrin provides this cofactor for tPA-mediated plasmin generation in blood. Despite being naturally devoid of fibrin(ogen), tPA-mediated plasmin formation also ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) decrease neurological deficits in rodents after stroke and concomitantly induce extensive neurite remodeling in the brain, which highly correlates with the improvement of neurological function. We investigated the effects of endogenous tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) on neurite remodeling after BMSC treatment. METHODS Adult C57BL/6 wi...

We have examined the effect of interleukin 1 (IL-1) and phorbol esters [12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)] on the expression of various components of the AP-1 transcription factor complex during T-cell activation. We previously found that a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene driven by the collagenase TPA responsive element was expressed upon stimulation of T-cells by TPA a...

TPA (12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate), a potent tumor pro moter, has been shown to stimulate or inhibit cell growth depending on the cell type investigated. We recently found that RT101 cells, a trans formed mouse JB6 epidermal cell line, acquired a greater growth inhibi tion response to TPA during conventional subcultivation. The growth of low-passage RT101 cells was slightly inhibited by...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Stroke mimics (SM) challenge the initial assessment of patients presenting with possible acute ischemic stroke (AIS). When SM is considered likely, intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) may be withheld, risking an opportunity to treat AIS. Although computed tomography is routinely used for tPA decision making, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may diagnose AI...

BACKGROUND Substantial efforts over the past decade have increased rates of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) use in the United States. We sought to determine changes in patient characteristics and rates of tPA use over time among hospitalized acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. METHODS AND RESULTS We analyzed all AIS patients (n=1 093 895) and those arriving ≤ 2 hours and trea...

To further improve fertility of animals, a novel gene RFRP-3 (RF-amide related peptide-3, RFRP-3) was used to construct DNA vaccines with INH α (1-32) (inhibin, INH) fragment for the first time. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of novel DNA vaccines on fertility in mice. Synthesized SINH and SRFRP (INH and RFRP genes were separately ligated to the C-terminus of the small envelo...