The guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) Son of Sevenless (SOS) plays a critical role in signal transduction by activating Ras. Here we introduce a single-molecule assay in which individual SOS molecules are captured from raw cell lysate using Ras-functionalized supported membrane microarrays. This enables characterization of the full-length SOS protein, which has not previously been studie...

The design of ilities in System-of-Systems (SoS) architecture is a key means to manage changes and uncertainties over the long life cycle of an SoS. While there is broad consensus on the importance of ilities, there is generally a lack of agreement on what they mean and a lack of clarity on how they can be engineered. This article presents the DSTA Framework for Managing SoS Ilities, which cohe...

Recent advances in Sensor Web geospatial data capture, such as high-resolution in satellite imagery and Web-ready data processing and modeling technologies, have led to the generation of large numbers of datasets from real-time or near real-time observations and measurements. Finding which sensor or data complies with criteria such as specific times, locations, and scales has become a bottlenec...

The RecA protein in its functional state is in complex with single-stranded DNA, i.e., in the form of a RecA filament. In SOS induction, the RecA filament functions as a coprotease, enabling the autodigestion of the LexA repressor. The RecA filament can be formed by different mechanisms, but all of them require three enzymatic activities essential for the processing of DNA double-stranded ends....

Understanding crop phenology is fundamental to agricultural production, management, planning, and decision-making. This study used 250 m 16-day Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) time-series data to detect crop phenology across the Midwestern United States, 2007–2015. Key crop phenology metrics, start of season (SOS) and end of season (EOS), we...

We recently discovered that exposure of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) to d-serine resulted in accumulation of this unusual amino acid, induction of the SOS regulon, and downregulation of the type III secretion system that is essential for efficient colonization of the host. Here, we have investigated the physiological relevance of this elevated SOS response, which is of particular i...

Electrical power system operators (SOs) are free to realize grid operations according their own strategies. However, because resulting flows also depend on the actions of neighboring SOs, appropriate coordination is needed improve states from an overall perspective and individual SO perspective. In this paper, a new method presented that preserves data integrity SOs independent operation grids....

An important characteristic of a System of Systems (SoS) is interoperability among its constituent systems. It enables the flow of information and the seamless introduction of new systems into the SoS. But interoperability comes at a price. Current studies indicate that there is significant engineering effort involved in making systems interoperable. However, this feature is not adequately repr...

1174 I n order to survive in various environmental conditions, cells have a repertoire of genes that they can choose to express or silence according to their needs. Among this vast collection of genetically controlled networks, the SOS response is an inducible DNA repair system that allows bacteria to survive sudden increases in DNA damage. The importance of the SOS response is underscored by t...

Selenium is an essential nutrient with diverse physiological functions, and soluble organic selenium (SOS) sources have a higher bioavailability than inorganic selenium sources. Based on the response surface methodology and central composite design, this study presents the optimal medium components for SOS accumulation in batch cultures of Flammulina velutipes, i.e. 30 g/L glucose, 11.2 mg/L so...