It is well known that the envelope of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) consists of smaller-scale convective systems, including mesoscale convective systems (MCS), tropical cyclones, and synoptic-scale waves called ‘‘convectively coupled equatorial waves’’ (CCW). In fact, recent results suggest that the fundamental mechanisms of the MJO involve interactions between the synoptic-scale CCW and ...

Abstract In this study, a total of 339 mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) are obtained in North China using the temperature brightness blackbody (TBB) data from FY-2E warm season 2010 to 2018. The number meso-α-scale (MαCSs) is much more than that meso-β-scale (MβCSs). elongated (MECSs) circular (MCCSs). Most MCSs occur July and August, which have widest influence range, longest duration, stro...

An improved method for gene deletion or replacement in Escherichia coli was developed. It employs a set of integrative vectors and two helper plasmids, as a temporary source of RecA and Flp activities. The integrative vectors combine several useful features including three different selection markers placed between two parallel oriented Flp recombinase target (FRT) sites. Each marker is flanked...

The quantitative analyses of Nuclear Power Plant (NPP)’s repairable systems are conventionally Markov-based methods. The thing is, systems’ state space grows exponentially with the increase of basic events, which makes the problem hard or even impossible to solve. In addition, the maintenance /test activities are frequently imposed on some safety-critical components, which make the Markov based...

The article investigates fairness in terms of throughput and packet delays among users with diverse channel conditions due to the mobility and fading effects in IEEE 802.11 WLAN (wireless local area networks) environments. From our analytical results, it is shown that 802.11 CSMA/CA can present fairness among hosts with identical link qualities regardless of equal or different data rates applie...

Constraint satisfaction has become ubiquitous in the modern world, able to model and offer solution techniques for many of the most pressing problems. However, no matter how good the techniques become, some problems just do not have a satisfiable solution, and are referred to as inconsistent. Yet even when such problems are considered, one is still interested in finding the minimal subset of co...

In this paper, we begin by introducing reactive multicontext systems (rMCSs), a framework for reactive reasoning in the presence of heterogeneous knowledge sources. In particular, we show how to integrate data streams into multi-context systems (MCSs) and how to model the dynamics of the systems, based on two types of bridge rules. We then discuss various methods for handling inconsistencies, a...