This paper describes a variant of simulated annealing incorporating a variable penalty method to solve the traveling salesman problem with time windows (TSPTW). Augmenting temperature from traditional simulated annealing with the concept of pressure (analogous to the value of the penalty multiplier), compressed annealing relaxes the time window constraints by integrating a penalty method within...

Simulated annealing (SA) algorithms can be modeled as time-inhomogeneous Markov chains. Much work on the convergence rate of simulated annealing algorithms has been well-studied. In this paper, we propose an adiabatic framework for studying simulated annealing algorithm behavior. Specifically, we focus on the problem of simulated annealing algorithms that start from an initial temperature T0 an...

The yeast RAD52 gene is essential for homology-dependent repair of DNA double-strand breaks. In vitro, Rad52 binds to single- and double-stranded DNA and promotes annealing of complementary single-stranded DNA. Genetic studies indicate that the Rad52 and Rad59 proteins act in the same recombination pathway either as a complex or through overlapping functions. Here we demonstrate physical intera...

Post-deposition annealing effects on nanomechanical properties of granular TiO2 films on soda-lime glass substrates were studied. In particular, the effects of Na diffusion on the films' mechanical properties were examined. TiO2 photocatalyst films, 330 nm thick, were prepared by dip-coating using a TiO2 sol, and were annealed between 100 °C and 500 °C. Film's morphology, physical and nanomecha...

It has been widely reported that the microstructure refinement of TiAl alloys can be achieved by massive transformation and subsequent annealing in α2 + γ two phase field. To achieve this goal, several heat treatment parameters must be adjusted, including the heat treatment temperature around single α phase field, the annealing temperature, and the annealing time for the precipitation of α2 pha...