BACKGROUND Even with abundant evidence for osmotic demyelination in patients with hyponatremia, the risk factors for overcorrection have not been fully investigated. Therefore the purpose of this study is to clarify the risks for overcorrection during the treatment of chronic profound hyponatremia. METHODS This is a single-center retrospective observational study. We enrolled 56 adult patient...

Sympathetic nervous system activity is increased in several cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension and heart failure (HF).1 Indeed, one classification of the severity of HF is based on the direct relationship between the plasma concentration of the sympathetic neurotransmitter, norepinephrine, and impaired cardiac function.1 Although the role of increased sympathetic nerve activity (SN...

Animal studies have demonstrated that activation of the baroreflex by increases in arterial pressure inhibits cardiovascular and ventilatory responses to activation of peripheral chemoreceptors (PC) with hypoxia. In this study, we examined the influences of baroreflex activation on the sympathetic response to stimulation of PC and central chemoreceptors in humans. PC were stimulated by hypoxia ...

Endogenous and exogenous female hormones regulate sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) in animal models, but their impact in humans is controversial. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of the ovarian cycle and oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) on SNA. We hypothesized that the effects of endogenous hormones were baroreflex (BR)-mediated and that these cyclical changes in BR contro...

A linear autoregressive/moving-average model was developed to describe the dynamic relationship between mean arterial pressure (MAP), renal sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) and renal blood flow (RBF) in conscious rabbits. The RBF and SNA to the same kidney were measured under resting conditions in a group of eight rabbits. Spectral analysis of the data sampled at 0.4 Hz showed that the low-pass...

This review examines how the sympathetic nervous system plays a major role in the regulation of cardiovascular function over multiple time scales. This is achieved through differential regulation of sympathetic outflow to a variety of organs. This differential control is a product of the topographical organization of the central nervous system and a myriad of afferent inputs. Together this orga...