OBJECTIVES During the 2009 influenza A H1N1 pandemic, it became difficult to differentiate viral infections from other conditions in patients admitted to the intensive care unit. We sought to evaluate the behavior and diagnostic utility of procalcitonin, C-reactive protein and four other molecules in patients with suspected 2009 Influenza A H1N1 infection. METHODS The serum levels of procalci...

OBJECTIVE To determine the effectiveness of an adjuvanted monovalent vaccine against pandemic influenza A/H1N1 among people with underlying chronic diseases. DESIGN Historical cohort study. SETTING Mandatory national reporting systems, 2 November 2009 to 31 January 2010, Denmark. PARTICIPANTS 388,069 people under 65 years of age with a diagnosis in the past five years of at least one unde...

OBJECTIVES Hemagglutination inhibiting (HI) antibodies correlate with influenza vaccine protection but their association with protection induced by natural infection has received less attention and was studied here. METHODS 940 people from 270 unvaccinated households participated in active ILI surveillance spanning 3 influenza seasons. At least 494 provided paired blood samples spanning each ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES During an evolving public health crisis, news organizations disseminate information rapidly, much of which is uncertain, dynamic, and difficult to verify. We examine factors related to international news coverage of H1N1 during the first month after the outbreak in late April 2009 and consider the news media's role as an information source during an emerging pandemic. ...

We evaluated Clearline Influenza A/B/(H1N1)2009, a new multi-line immunochromatographic assay for rapid detection of antigens of influenza A (Flu A), B (Flu B), and A(H1N1)2009 viruses. Clearline detected Flu A, Flu B, and A(H1N1)2009 viruses with a detection limit of 4.6 × 10(3) to 7.5 × 10(4) pfu/assay. The sensitivity and specificity of detection of influenza virus by Clearline, using RT-PCR...

To the Editor: Since its first emergence in the human population in spring 2009 (1–3) infections with pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus have been reported in pigs, turkeys, and some carnivore species (4,5). The pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus can be experimentally transmitted between pigs (6). The reported transmissibility of the virus raises the question as to whether authorized swine influenza vaccine st...

Introduction: Influenza A H1N1 infection can cause respiratory and multiple organ failure, which lead to fatality. The prevalence of circulating viral IgG antibodies among patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is not well understood. This study aimed investigate the CKD. Methods: was conducted at University Maiduguri Teaching Hospital (UMTH) from January November 2020. Ethical approval obt...

The purpose of this study was to understand the geographic extent, risk factors, and attack rate of the 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus [A(H1N1)pdm09] infection in Shandong Province, China and to identify the influencing factors. A randomized serological survey of A(H1N1)pdm09 infection was carried out in August and September 2010. A total of 4,549 participants involved in the survey ...

Background: Influenza virus is a major infectious pathogen of the respiratory system causing a high degree of morbidity and mortality annually. The worldwide vaccines are decided and produced annually by World Health Organization and licensed companies based on the samples collected from all over the world. The aim of this study was to determine phylogenecity and heterogenecity of the circulati...