Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is the prototypic proinflammatory cytokine and endothelial cells are the principal cellular targets of its actions. Here I review the responses of endothelial cells to TNF, with emphasis on the induction of endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecules. I focus on the biochemistry and cell biology of signal transduction in TNF-treated endothelial cells that lead to the ex...

Using C3H/He mice, the antitumor effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) alone and in combination with Lentinan extracted from Lentinus edodes was studied. The influence of LPS on cellular immunity and the antitumor effect of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) were also examined. LPS, which was administered into mice with tumor, induced hemorrhagic necrosis of the tumor within 48 h, demonstrating a hig...

objective(s):  chlorpyrifos (cp) is a broad-spectrum organophosphorus pesticide used extensively in agricultural and domestic pest control, accounting for 50% of the global insecticidal use. in the present study, protective effects of two selenium-enriched strong antioxidative medicines imod and angipars were examined in human lymphocytes treated with cp in vitro. materials and methods: isolate...

The human ether-a-go-go related gene (HERG) encodes K+ channel identified as a molecular target for mutations underlying some forms of the long Q-T syndrome, a lethal cardiac arrhythmia. Recent studies revealed that HERG is abundantly expressed in a variety of tumor cells. Yet, the role of HERG in tumor cells had remained unclear. Here, we show that HERG conductance markedly promotes H2O2-induc...

Objective(s): Myocarditis is characterized by inflammatory cell infiltration in myocardial stroma. Attenuation of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β is a reliable mark for improving the prognosis. Protein kinase B (Akt) plays an important role in the development and progression of myocarditis. The specific role of the natural inhibitor of Akt, Deguel...

Smac mimetics (inhibitor of apoptosis [IAP] antagonists) are synthetic reagents that kill susceptible tumor cells by inducing degradation of cellular IAP (cIAP) 1 and cIAP2, nuclear factor kappaB activation, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha production, TNF receptor 1 occupancy, and caspase-8 activation. In this issue of The Journal of Cell Biology, Vince et al. (see p. 171) report remarkable s...

The role of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in Chlamydia pneumoniae atherogenesis was evaluated in TNF-alpha p55 receptor-deficient C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet. No acceleration of atherosclerotic lesion development was observed in infected mice compared to uninfected mice, indicating that TNF-alpha plays a role in the acceleration of atherosclerosis by C. pneumoniae.

Objective(s): Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) causes pulmonary toxicity. Infliximab (Ib) is a potent inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). We aimed to investigate whether Ib has a protective effect on CCl4 induced lung injury. Materials and Methods:Rats were divided into control, CCl4, and CCl4+Ib groups. A single dose of 2 ml/kg CCI4 was administered to CCI4 group and a single dose of...

Introduction:To evaluate the role of allergic-type and infectious-type cytokines in children with chronic otitis media with effusion (OME) Materials and Methods:We investigated serum levels of interleukins (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13, along with interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 35 children with OME and 28 healthy contr...

Candida albicans beta-1,2-oligomannosides stimulate macrophage tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) but not NO release. This stimulation desensitized macrophages by altering beta-1, 2-oligomannoside-dependent TNF-alpha production and lipopolysaccharide-dependent TNF-alpha and NO secretion. Desensitization was not related to tyrosine phosphorylation signal transduction but was transferred by ...