What is tail biting? Tail biting is the oral manipulation of the tail of another pig that inflicts skin wounds and can result in amputation of parts of the tail or even the rump. Normal pig behaviour does not include tail biting. The occurrence of tail biting is a complex and multi-factorial problem and many risk factors are known to increase the chance of tail biting. In an attempt to prevent ...

in this article, i tried to study the influence of sasanid simurgh on the islamic and western art. the immigration of this mystic (simurgh) started from the sasanid period and continued after the fall of sasanid by the arabic invasion. this deportation happened through the cultural and commercial exchanges, and the imperial presents sent to the other empires by sasanid kings. sasanid simurgh is...

Approximately 5% of pigs slaughtered in the UK have been tail-bitten, leading to welfare and production issues. Tail biting is sporadic and not all pigs tail bite. The aim of this study was to identify factors that are common in pigs that perform tail-biting behaviour, and that might be used in a predictive way to identify such animals. The behaviour of 159 pigs was observed in the post-weaning...

BACKGROUND There is increasing interest in recording tail damage in pigs at slaughter to identify problem farms for advisory purposes, but also for benchmarking within and between countries as part of systematic monitoring of animal welfare. However, it is difficult to draw conclusions when comparing prevalence's between studies and countries partly due to differences in management (e.g. differ...

backround and aim: in the present time, analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs such as nonseroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioid compounds are used for the releif of pain, but due to their side effects and economical issues, the significance of research on finding analgesic drugs with less side effects and their ability to substitute these synthetic drugs and substituting newer analgesic co...

background: exposure to ionizing radiation results in genotoxicity and the unrepaired lesions in cellular dna results in cell cycle arrest, reproductive death, interphase death, division delay, chromosome aberrations, mutations, etc. leading to the intensive destruction of cells and violation of their proliferative capacity there by adversely affecting the mammalian system. since ionizing radia...

In this paper, the flexible semi-parametric model introduced in is considered for conducting tail inference of censored data. Both and censoring variables are supposed to belong family distributions, thus solutions modelling data which between Weibull-tail Pareto-tail behaviours proposed. Estimators parameters extreme quantiles defined without prior knowledge strength asymptotic normality resul...