The M-tree is a paged, dynamically balanced metric access method that responds gracefully to the insertion of new objects. Like many spatial access methods, the M-tree’s performance is largely dependent on the degree of overlap between spatial regions represented by nodes in the tree, and minimisation of overlap is key to many of the design features of the M-tree and related structures. We pres...

Progressive design practices are increasingly cognisant of the potential of building energy simulation to assist the delivery of energy efficient, sustainable buildings. However, the success of any building performance assessment hinges on the capabilities of the tool; the collective competences of the team formed to apply it; and, crucially, the existence of an in-house framework within which ...

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are a group of obligate plant symbionts which can promote plant nutrition. AMF communities are diverse, but the factors which control their assembly in space and time remain unclear. In this study, the contributions of geographical distance, environmental heterogeneity and time in shaping AMF communities associated with Miscanthus giganteus (a perennial grass ...

Three types of subsets of PG(2, q2) of type (0, 1, 2, q + 1) are defined, namely CF -sets, K -sets and H -sets. These subsets may also be obtained as the intersection of the Hermitian curve H with Baer subpencils of lines with vertex not on H. It is shown that under the Bruck–Bose representation these subsets correspond to three-dimensional elliptic quadrics, quadratic cones and hyperbolic quad...

First we define relations between the v = (s2+s+1}(s+l) flags (point-line incident pairs) of a finite projective plane of order s. Two flags a =(p,i) and b =(p' ,l'), where p and p' are two points and l and l' are two lines of the projective plane, are defined to be first associates if either p = p' or l = l'; second associates if p # p', l # l' but either p is incident also with l' or p' is in...

Jensen formulates classes of notions of forcing in [1]. We take subproper among those. This class is wider than proper, may differ from semiproper of Shelah and is iterable under the revised countable support a la Donder according to [1]. We formulate a class of notion of forcing whose definition involves less parameters than Jensen’s subproper and show that it iterates under a type of revised ...

Proof. If T were not complete, there would a sentence ψ such that neither ψ and ¬ψ would follow from T . But then T ∪ {ψ} and T ∪ {¬ψ} would have infinite models. Since λ ≥ |L|, both would actually have models of cardinality λ by the theorems of Skolem and Löwenheim. But these cannot be isomorphic, because they are not elementarily equivalent, contradicting the λ-categoricity of T . Theorem 1.2...