'Abd al-Latīf al-Baghdādī's (d. 1231) work Book of the Two Pieces of Advice (Kitāb al Nasīhatayn) challenges the idea that Islamic medicine declined after the twelfth century AD. Moreover, it offers some interesting insights into the social history of medicine. 'Abd al-Latīf advocated using the framework of Greek medical epistemology to criticize the rationalist physicians of his day; he argued...

Interest-based negotiation (IBN) is a form of negotiation in which agents exchange information about their underlying goals, with a view to improving the likelihood and quality of a deal. While this intuition has been stated informally in much previous literature, there is no formal analysis of the types of deals that can be reached through IBN and how they differ from those reachable using (cl...

t ferdous al-hekma (paradise of wisdom) is one of the oldest medical texts in the islamic world written in arabic in 850 ad by ali ibn raban tabari. he was a persian physician who moved from tabaristan (mazandaran province of modern day iran) to samarra during the reign of the abbasid caliph al-mutawakkil (847-861 ad). we studied the book of ferdous al-hekma fil-tibb, in an attempt to comprehen...

the traditional logician’s explanation on categorical syllogism, make the analysis of controversial syllogism and other relative syllogism, very difficult. the thirteenth century logicians use two methods to solve this problem. one method is ibn sina's method, which adds a premise to syllogism, and the second method is fakhr al-din al-razi and katebis’ method, which provide syllogism relyi...

the mysticisms origin is taken from the lyrical poetry and has been that a means for explore of his meaning. as the great sufi, ibn arabi this is done and properly, technically the lyrics which we see in the tarjoman-al-ashvaq are  the most of his odes of perfection and sophistication, and is rich in metaphors and efficient mysteries of the poem.correctlly, tarjoman-al-ashvaq is interpretation ...