adopting a policy and deciding on long-term investment in the mining industry by a government orprivate sector actors depends strongly on the ability to predict the scarcity of mineral reserves. changein scarcity of mineral reserves is a function of several technological and non-technological factors.among them, change in technology is the most significant factor affecting scarcity. this paper ...

the growing scarcity of fresh water is driving the implementation of wastewater treatment and water reuse on an increasingly large scale. various methods have been developed and used for water reuse from wastewater; however, the membrane distillation (md) process, as a promising separation technology, has recently gained more attention. the md process is a non-isothermal membrane-based separati...

Abstract The increasing water use for human activities is threatening the health of ecosystems. Most previous studies on scarcity mainly centered society. In this study, we developed a new indicator, ecological (WS eco ), that considers quantity, quality, and environmental flow requirements. WS was assessed at provincial level in China. results show northern China suffered more severe than sout...