by the advent and development of information and communication technology (ict), the micro and macro economic variables are changed. in other words, the exclusive characteristics of ict can alter the job framework in a society. this fact will be done in our country, too. because of the importance of the employment issue in iran, a research in about of effect of ict on this variable in iran is s...

In this paper, we present one of the first direct microeconometric studies of the impact of trade protection on household income in Ghana. Tariff measures at the two-digit ISIC level are matched to Ghanaian household survey data for 1991/92 and 1998/99 to represent the tariff for the industry in which the household head is employed. We examine the possibility that the effect of protection on in...

abstract: with the changes that globalization created in political, economic, cultural and social areas, undoubtedly it influences the public administration in any country. the aim of this study is to examine the effects of globalization on public administration in iran from the viewpoints of public administration experts. in terms of purpose, this study is an applied research; in terms of appr...

Rising protectionism and globalization have led to new interest in regionalism. The facilitation liberalization of two-way direct investment between China Pan-East Asian countries result increasing exports these countries. By studying the relationship China’s export trade Northeast Southeast countries, this paper explores influence mechanism foreign with study discovers that improvement bilater...

This paper presents a new approach for exploring the relation between the implementation of economic reforms and wage differentials. It is applied to a new high quality database that includes 18 Latin American countries. The results indicate that reforms overall have had a short-run disequalizing effect of expanding wage differentials, although this effect tends to fade away over time. This dis...

â â â  â â â â  abstract â  as the chances of a successful conclusion to the doha round of trade liberalization under the wto become increasingly problematic, so the pace of negotiating local free trade agreements (ftas) is increasing. according to the wto report, countries in the asia-pacific region are “consolidating their drive towards regionalism at an accelerated pace”. after the trade...

Financial liberalization has been a controversial issue, as empirical evidence for growth enhancing effects is mixed. Here, we find sizable welfare gains from liberalization (cost to repression), though the gain in economic growth is ambiguous. We take the view that financial liberalization is a government policy that alters the path of financial deepening, while financial deepening is endogeno...

this paper using endogenous growth models based on research and development, has investigated two economic relations in three groups of countries included developed countries, developing countries and a mixed group of both mentioned ones. at first, the effects of r&d; activities on patent growth have examined and then the relation between volume of patent and growth rate in these groups has sur...