The rise in defense spending since 1998, which this year may surpass 100% in real terms, is unprecedented over a 48-year period. In real percentage term, it is nearly as large as the Kennedy-Johnson and Reagan surges combined. Whether one looks at the entire DoD budget or just that part not related to the wars, current spending is above the peak years of the Vietnam era and the Reagan years. Lo...

Objectives: This article deals with the comparison of excise tax revenues from alcoholic beverages and tobacco products public spending that are spent on treating diseases occurring in consumers these commodities. Methods: Based available data, study estimates direct expenditures treatment tobacco-related very frequent alcohol consumption-related Czech Republic. These partial results evaluated ...

In August 1998, Texas AM University implemented on campus a trap-test-vaccinate-alter-return-monitor (TTVARM) program to manage the feral cat population. TTVARM is an internationally recognized term for trapping and neutering programs aimed at management of feral cat populations. In this article we summarize results of the program for the period August 1998 to July 2000. In surgery laboratories...

Abstract In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), precipitation is an important driver of agricultural production. Uganda, maize production essentially rain-fed. However, due to changes in climate, projected yield targets have not often been met as actual observed yields are below simulated/projected yields. This outcome has attributed parallel gaps precipitation. study aims at identifying and Uganda for t...

Practice can dramatically reduce dual-task interference, but typically does not eliminate interference entirely. Residual interference after practice is especially large with certain non-preferred modality pairings (e.g., auditory-manual and visual-vocal). Does this residual interference imply the existence of a persistent central-processing bottleneck? To address this question, we transferred ...

In this research, the controversial issue of whether the central bottleneck can be bypassed through task automatization was investigated. To examine this issue, participants received six single-task practice sessions with an auditory-vocal task (low vs. high pitch). We then assessed dual-task performance using the analytically tractable psychological refractory period (PRP) paradigm, in which t...

The authors examined the role of online order control in the psychological refractory period (PRP) paradigm. In the first 2 experiments, participants switched between color-letter and letter-color orders so that subtask order was isolated as the only element being switched. The results indicated that order switching impaired the 2 PRP responses and modulated the PRP effect. Importantly, these e...