objective(s):bacterial biofilm has been considered responsible for many deaths and high health costs worldwide. their better protection against antibacterial agents compared to free living cells leads to poor treatment efficiency. nanotechnology is promising approach to combat biofilm infections. the aim of the present study was to eradicate staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm with silver nanopa...

background: methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (mthfr) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) c677t and a1298c have been described as strong risk factors for idiopathic recurrent miscarriage (rm). however, very few studies have investigated the association of paternal mthfr snps with rm. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of paternal c677t and a1298c snps among iranian...

The knowledge of the evolution of the human genome is strictly dependent on the availability of appropriate genetic markers and their relative coverage of genetic variation which refine the phylogenetic reconstruction. While autosomal markers are particularly valuable for recognizing correspondence between genetic and geographic distances, markers on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) or Non Recombining...

OBJECTIVE Understanding the origins of Aboriginal Australians is crucial in reconstructing the evolution and spread of Homo sapiens as evidence suggests they represent the descendants of the earliest group to leave Africa. This study analyzed a large sample of Y-chromosomes to answer questions relating to the migration routes of their ancestors, the age of Y-haplogroups, date of colonization, a...

The geographical centre of domestication and species diversity for sheep (Ovis aries) lies around the Kurdistan region of Northern Iraq, within the 'Fertile Crescent'. From whole genome sequence reads, we assembled the mitochondrial genomes (mtDNA or mitogenome) of five animals of the two main Kurdistani sheep breeds Hamdani and Karadi and found they fitted into known sheep haplogroups (or matr...

BACKGROUND Deleted in AZoospermia-like (DAZL) is an autosomal homologue of Y chromosome-linked DAZ gene located on chromosome 3p24. DAZL is only expressed in the gonads and is critical to germ cell development in different species. However, the regulation of DAZL has not been explored. METHODS Reporter assays, electrophoretic mobility shift assays, supershift assays and bisulfate sequencing w...

Describing the evolutionary dynamics of now extinct populations is challenging, as their genetic composition before extinction is generally unknown. The Glanville fritillary butterfly has a large extant metapopulation in the Åland Islands in Finland, but declined to extinction in the nearby fragmented southwestern (SW) Finnish archipelago in the 20th century. We genotyped museum samples for 222...

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and major depressive disorder (MDD) in Chinese Han population. DESIGN Prospective and randomized studies were carried out. PATIENTS A total of 700 patients (324 male and 376 female; mean age = 40±14.9 years) with depression who met the diagnostic criteria of Diagnostic and Statistica...