Galvin showed that for all fixed δ and sufficiently large n, the n-vertex graph with minimum degree δ that admits the most independent sets is the complete bipartite graph Kδ,n−δ. He conjectured that except perhaps for some small values of t, the same graph yields the maximum count of independent sets of size t for each possible t. Evidence for this conjecture was recently provided by Alexander...

Pulmonary edema is a major cause of mortality due to acute lung injury (ALI). The involvement of protein kinase C-δ (PKC-δ) in ALI has been a controversial topic. Here we investigated PKC-δ function in ALI using PKC-δ knockout (KO) mice and PKC inhibitors. Our results indicated that although the ability to produce proinflammatory mediators in response to LPS injury in PKC-δ KO mice was similar ...

Let u(x) x ∈ Rq be a symmetric non-negative definite function which is bounded away from zero but which may have u(0) = ∞. Let px,δ(·) be the density of an Rq valued canonical normal random variable with mean x and variance δ and let {Gx,δ; (x, δ) ∈ Rq× [0, 1]} be the mean zero Gaussian process with covariance EGx,δGy,δ′ = ∫ ∫ u(s− t)px,δ(s)py,δ′(t) ds dt. A finite positive measure μ on Rq is s...

Using the definitions of δand δ′-shocks for the systems of conservation laws [12], [13], [39], the Rankine–Hugoniot conditions for δand δ′-shocks are derived. We present a construction of solutions to the Cauchy problems admitting δand δ′-shocks. In particular, the Riemann problem admitting shocks, δ-shocks, δ′-shocks, and vacuum states is considered. The geometric aspects of δand δ′-shocks are...

Consider a given abstract root system Δ and some simple root system Π ⊂ Δ. We may represent β ∈ Δ as a linear combination of elements of Π with integer coefficients of the same sign. By definition, we know that the elements of Π are linearly independent. Thus, such a representation of β is unique and exactly one of ±β is a positive root associated to Π. Δ+ is simply the set of all positive root...

Fatty acid desaturation enzymes perform dehydrogenation reactions leading to the insertion of double bonds in fatty acids. ω-3 desaturase has an important role in converting ω-6 fatty acids into ω-3 fatty acids. Although genes for this desaturase have been identified, the enzymatic activity of Δ-17 with or without transmembrane domain, and the function of the Δ-17 desaturase is poorly understoo...

The role of peroxisome proliferator--activated receptor- δ (PPAR δ) gene in colon carcinogenesis remains highly controversial. Here, we established nude mice xenograft model using a human colon cancer cell line KM12C either with PPAR δ silenced or normal. The xenografts in PPAR δ-silenced group grew significantly larger and heavier with less differentiation, promoted cell proliferation, increas...

Background: Infections caused by Candida spp. have been associated with formation of a biofilm, i.e. a complex microstructure of cells adhering to a surface and embedded within an extracellular matrix (ECM). Methods: The ECMs of a wild-type (WT, SN425) and two Candida albicans mutant strains, Δ/Δ tec1 (CJN2330) and Δ/Δ efg1 (CJN2302), were evaluated. Colony-forming units (cfu), total biomass (m...

OBJECTIVES A previous multi-isotope study of archaeological faunal samples from Skútustaðir, an early Viking age settlement on the southern shores of Lake Mývatn in north-east Iceland, demonstrated that there are clear differences in δ(34)S stable isotope values between animals deriving their dietary protein from terrestrial, freshwater, and marine reservoirs. The aim of this study was to use t...

In anesthetized pigs, we investigated whether asynchrony (Δ T) and nonuniformity (regional differences) in contractility (Δ E) could describe the interaction between normal and stunned myocardium. Mechanical interaction was evaluated by regional postsystolic work (PSW) before and after production of stunning by a 5-min occlusion of the left circumflex coronary artery [LCX (LCX stunning)] and a ...