By using the XOR method to obfuscate response of Arbiter PUFs (APUFs), ability resist machine learning (ML) modeling attacks can be improved, but this will reduce stable PUF a certain extent, making lose usability. In view this, highly APUF (HS-XOR APUF) circuit is proposed by studying generation mechanism unstable bits and screening characteristics logic gates delay signals. First, maximum min...

XOR games are a simple computational model with connections to many areas of complexity theory including interactive proof systems, hardness of approximation, and communication complexity. Perhaps the earliest use of XOR games was in the study of quantum correlations, as an experimentally realizable setup which could demonstrate non-local effects as predicted by quantum mechanics. XOR games als...

XOR-AND Graphs (XAGs) are an enrichment of the classical AND-Inverter (AIGs) with XOR nodes. In particular, XAGs networks composed by ANDs, XORs, and inverters. Besides several emerging technologies applications, often exploited in cryptography-related applications based on multiplicative complexity a Boolean function. The function is minimum number AND gates (i.e., multiplications) that suffic...

This work demonstrates two DNA-based logic circuits that behave as a half-adder and a half-subtractor. A half-adder is composed of an AND gate and an XOR gate, whereas a half-subtractor consists of an INH gate and an XOR gate. The proposed designs are inspired by molecular beacons.

4-[5-(Pyridin-4-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]pyridine-2-carbonitrile (FYX-051) is a potent inhibitor of bovine milk xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR). Steady-state kinetics study showed that it initially behaved as a competitive-type inhibitor with a K(i) value of 5.7 × 10(-9) M, then after a few minutes it formed a tight complex with XOR via a Mo-oxygen-carbon atom covalent linkage, as reported previ...

Nitrite and nitrate restore deficient endogenous nitric oxide (NO) production as they are converted back to NO, and therefore complement the classic enzymatic NO synthesis. Circulating nitrate and nitrite must cross membrane barriers to produce their effects and increased nitrate concentrations may attenuate the nitrite influx into cells, decreasing NO generation from nitrite. Moreover, xanthin...

The problem 2-Xor-Sat asks for the probability that a random expression, built as a conjunction of clauses x ⊕ y, is satisfiable. We consider here a refinement of this question, namely the probability that a random expression computes a specific Boolean function. The answer involves a description of 2-Xor expressions as multigraphs, and uses classical methods of analytic combinatorics.

Auctions and exchanges are one of the most important market mechanisms for price determination and allocation of goods. In this paper we consider the case when each buyer has a limited budget and wishes to buy at most one item in multi-item auctions. We show the limitations of two known mechanisms { sequence of single-item auctions and recently introduced XOR double auctions { and introduce a n...