BACKGROUND Example-based learning using worked examples can foster clinical reasoning. Worked examples are instructional tools that learners can use to study the steps needed to solve a problem. Studying worked examples paired with completion examples promotes acquisition of problem-solving skills more than studying worked examples alone. Completion examples are worked examples in which some of...

This paper describes an empirical study of coreference in spoken vs. written text. We focus on the comparison of two particular text types, interviews and popular science texts, as instances of spoken and written texts since they display quite different discourse structures. We believe in fact, that the correlation of difficulties in coreference resolution and varying discourse structures requi...

This study explored college students’ knowledge of discourse markers (DMs hereinafter) and the development in raising their awareness competence by adopting a genre-based approach (GBA to eliminate inappropriate use certain DMs. The participants were 28 freshman students with an English proficiency at Common European Framework Reference for Languages (CEFR B2 level. A pre- post-test design was ...

This study aims at investigating compliment responses of female and male Turkish university students in different situations. The data were collected through a written discourse completion task under four situational settings: appearance, performance, character, possession. 100 undergraduate (50 males 50 females) participated the study. Holmes’s (1988a, 1988b) macro micro categories adapted dev...

The focus of the paper is appropriateness pragmatic elicitation techniques for generating talk to be used in analyses and social structure. In best (i) data are generated situations which researchers can manipulate variables testing hypotheses, (ii) speakers freely spontaneously without awareness that their object study. This claim was tested an examination hypothesis more facework will occur r...

. THIS STUDY WAS DESIGNED TO TEST THE HYPOTHESIS THAT ASSOCIATIVELY RELATED NOUNS EMBEDDED IN CONNECTED DISCOURSE--AT LEAST IN THE CASE OF ITEMS THAT APPEAR IN NE SAME OR IN CONTIGUOUS SENTENCES-ARE STORED MORE EFFICIENTLY THAN ASSOCIATIVELY UNRELATED NOUNS. A 2X2 FACTORIAL DESIGN WAS EMPLOYED (WITH 20 SS IN EACH GROUP) IN WHICH SS VERE ASKED TO MEMORIZE A PASSAGE THAT CONTAINED 14 GROUPS OF FO...

A proposal is presented for the representation of pragmatic information and for its use in decisions relating to syntactic choice. A \split discourse model" is used to represent information from the context of a discourse, and this representation is then related to the level of syntactic choice by means of \low level illocutionary acts". The alternative syntactic constructions are assumed to fo...

This study is conducted in the area of multidocument summarization, and develops a literature review framework based on a deconstruction of human-written literature review sections in information science research papers. The first part of the study presents the results of a multi-level discourse analysis to investigate their discourse and content characteristics. These findings were incorporate...

Medical discourse has recently attracted much scholarly attention. However, few studies have concentrated on both the overall rhetorical structure of the research article (RA) and the specific lexicogrammatical features of the texts, particularly English-Persian contrastive studies on medical RAs. Relying on Nwogu’s (1997) framework, the present study aimed at providing a macroanalysis of the I...

This study presents a corpora investigation (online available texts of written and spoken English) regarding the usage of the discourse connectives before and after in multi-sentence discourse. We focus on sentences that begin with a connective and analyse these along with the preceding text. Our results show that two discourse relations have to be derived for these sentences: a sentence-extern...