of the paper The paper analyses the agricultural policy of the Habyarimana regime, which ruled Rwanda from 1973 to 1994. Econometric analysis of rural household survey data is used to investigate the effects of the 1989 crop failure in southern Rwanda on children’s health status. The paper shows that children in southern Rwanda are chronically malnourished, more then in other prefectures of Rwa...

North Korea experienced a catastrophic famine in the mid-1990s that resulted millions of deaths. This study aims to build an agent-based model understand risk land degradation and explore potential solutions mitigate this risk. The concept reflects general information collective farms Korea, which was set 1960, abstract social–ecological system Korean agriculture. comprises agent, environment, ...

This paper studies how cultural norms shaped by negative historical shocks can explain conflicts in the long-run. Exploiting a unique dataset constructed from historical archives, we test whether the Irish Famine (1845-1850), one of the most lethal starvation in history, changed political attitudes and contributed to the Irish Revolution (1913-1921). First, we investigate the determinants of jo...

BACKGROUND Sub-Saharan Africa is facing rapidly increasing prevalences of cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes and hypertension. Previous and ongoing undernutrition among pregnant women may contribute to this development as suggested by epidemiological studies from high income countries linking undernutrition in fetal life with increased burden of non-communicable diseases in later life. W...

BACKGROUND One of the most terrible famines last century was Great Chinese Famine (GCF) in 1959~1961 when millions of people died from starving. Under-nutrition during famine between the Western and Eastern (Dutch Hungry vs. GCF) was similar, while cardiovascular consequences might not be the same. Addressing such questions may gain new insight into prevention of cardiovascular diseases. METH...

indoor relief only. Outdoor relief was eventually permitted under stringent conditions from late 1847, but the costs were much resented by ratepayers. Readers of this journal will be particularly interested in 0 Grada's analysis of Sir William Wilde's 'Table of deaths', published in the 1851 census. This table holds no surprises for nutritionists familiar with the epidemiology of famine-induced...

OBJECTIVE To apply the famine scale by Howe and Devereux to the situation in Niger, west Africa, in 2005 to retrospectively determine whether famine existed. DESIGN Two stage cluster survey. SETTING Survey of households in each of Niger's eight regions. PARTICIPANTS 4003 households. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Crude mortality, mortality in children under 5, and the proportion of caregivers bo...

Being born small for gestational age (SGA), a proxy for intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), and prenatal famine exposure are both associated with a greater risk of metabolic disease. Both associations have been hypothesized to involve epigenetic mechanisms. We investigated whether prenatal growth restriction early in pregnancy was associated with changes in DNA methylation at loci that were...

As the oomycete pathogen causing potato late blight disease, Phytophthora infestans triggered the famous 19th-century Irish potato famine and remains the leading cause of global commercial potato crop destruction. But the geographic origin of the genotype that caused this devastating initial outbreak remains disputed, as does the New World center of origin of the species itself. Both Mexico and...

Plants have served as sources of food and medicines for human beings since their advent. During famines or conditions of food scarcity, people throughout the world depend on unconventional plant items to satiate their hunger and meet their nutritional needs. Malnourished people often suffer from various diseases, much more than people eating a balanced diet. We are hypothesizing that the unconv...