background and purpose: humans have a capacity to become aware of thoughts and behaviors known as metacognition. the metacognitive model of anxiety disorders emphasizes that metacognitive beliefs are key factors in obsessive-compulsive disorder and depression pathology. the purpose of this research was to compare metacognitive beliefs in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder (ocd) and dep...

The present study examines the effects of 3 kinds of glosses—first-language (L1) Chinese glosses plus second-language (L2) English example sentences, L1 in-text glosses, and L1 marginal glosses—in comparison with a no-gloss condition in reading an English passage, to explore whether providing glosses can facilitate reading comprehension and vocabulary acquisition. A total of 135 undergraduate b...

We present a Monte Carlo algorithm for learning to act in partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs) with real-valued state and action spaces. Our approach uses importance sampling for representing beliefs, and Monte Carlo approximation for belief propagation. A reinforcement learning algorithm, value iteration, is employed to learn value functions over belief states. Finally, a sa...

this paper is an attempt to explain the form and components of iranian female painters artworks in the 70s and80s hijri. it seeks to assess women’s paintings of two decades ago in comparison with current iranian artworks. undoubtedly, the growth in the number of those who produce artworks motivates the researcher to study women’s produced paintings to identify iran’s current art field. to achie...

although effects of religious beliefs on mental health have not been greately studied, however available evidence in this field has shown that these beleifs have substantial effects on all aspects of human life, e.g., they may prevent drug or alcohol abuse. deep religious beliefs buffer the outcome of stress, depression, delinquency and divorce in religious people and substantially reduce suici...

intolerance of uncertainty (iu) is increasingly conceptualized as a transdiagnostic factor underlying anxiety disorders and depression. current understanding of the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and specific obsessive compulsive symptom domains remains limited. the purpose of the present study was to explore the prevalence of obsessive compulsive beliefs and intolerance of unc...

gaining insights into the learners’ individual characteristics such as beliefs about language learning and their relationship with learning strategies is essential for planning effective language instruction. thus, the present study investigated the relationship between beliefs about language learning and learning strategy use in iranian high school students. this study also compared the correl...

extended abstract 1. introduction the translation of literary works in iran has always been subject to social and political conditions, intellectual tendencies, and dominant ideologies of the related historical period. hence, in each period the translators were inclined to translate specific literary works according to the beliefs and viewpoint of a distinguished political and social group. thu...

Non-adherence to medications is one of the largest contributors to sub-optimal health outcomes. Many theories of adherence include a 'value-expectancy' component in which a patient decides to take a medication partly based on expectations about whether it is effective, necessary, and tolerable. We propose reconceptualising this common theme as a kind of 'causal learning' - the patient learns wh...