Introduction In 2012 we celebrate the centenary of Dr Casimir Funk’s discovery of the 'vitamine'. Funk was the first to suggest the existence of a family of organic substances that are essential for life, which the world now takes for granted. He was thus the godfather of the vitamin movement. Funk conceived the concept of “vital amines”; essential nutrients with a specific action, requiring on...

Everybody who works in the field of injuries knows that after infancy, and before old age, males engage in more behavior that exposes them to the risk of injury, experience more injuries, and die more frequently from injuries. For example, in the US, among 15 to 19 year olds, males are 2.5 times as likely as females to die of any unintentional injury, and about five times as likely to die of ho...

Previous research on gender differences in behavior has led to seemingly contradictory findings. While some authors report that women are more generous than men, others report the opposite relative patterns of behavior. From data generated by 202 subject pairs, we find that women are more sensitive than men to the costs of generous actions when deciding whether or not to be generous. The factor...

Editor's Note: These short, critical reviews of recent papers in the Journal, written exclusively by graduate students or postdoctoral fellows, are intended to summarize the important findings of the paper and provide additional insight and commentary. For more information on the format and purpose of the Journal Club, please see What is the language of the brain when it links perception and be...

In response to increases in cohabitation in the United States, researchers have recently focused on differences between cohabiting and marital unions. One of the more consistent findings in this emerging literature has been a higher rate of domestic violence among cohabiting couples. A prominent explanation for this finding is that cohabitors are not subject to the institutionalized social cont...

Distant supervision (DS) is a method for training sentence-level information extraction models using only an unlabeled corpus and a knowledge base (KB). Fundamental to many DS approaches is the assumption that KB facts are expressed at least once (EALO) in the text corpus. Often, however, KB facts are actually expressed in the corpus many times, in which cases EALO-based systems underuse the av...