Alveolar macrophages (AMs) can phagocytose unopsonized pathogens such as S. aureus via innate immune receptors, such as scavenger receptors (SRs). Cytoskeletal events and signaling pathways involved in phagocytosis of unopsonized bacteria likely govern the fate of ingested pathogens, but are poorly characterized. We have developed a high-throughput scanning cytometry-based assay to quantify pha...

Cooking in the developing world generates pollutants that endanger the health of billions of people and contribute to climate change. This study quantified pollutants emitted when cooking with a three-stone fire (TSF) and the Berkeley-Darfur Stove (BDS), the latter of which encloses the fire to increase fuel efficiency. The stoves were operated at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory testi...

This study was aimed at considering the potential of wood-based composites processed using additive manufacturing as insulators in building sector. A polylactic acid blend with 30% wood particles used a feedstock material fused filament technology. Its thermal and mechanical properties were determined for various processing conditions, including printing temperature infill rate. The results sho...

10 Atmospheric tar balls are particles of special morphology and composition that are fairly abundant 11 in the plumes of biomass smoke. These particles form a specific subset of brown carbon (BrC) 12 which has been shown to play a significant role in atmospheric shortwave absorption and thus 13 climate forcing. Here we suggest that tar balls are produced by the direct emission of liquid tar 14...

Chromated copper arsenate-treated (cca) wood disposal faces environmental restrictions due to its toxicity, heavy metal leaching in storage sites, and greenhouse gas emissions during incineration. Thus, finding new management methods for this contaminated at the end of life is crucial. This study evaluated effect pyrolysis temperature (300, 400, 500 °C), particle size, biochar yield, behavior a...

UNLABELLED PREMISE OF THE STUDY Charcoal particles preserved in sediments are used as indicators of paleowildfire. Most research focuses on abundance as an indicator of fire frequency, but charcoals also convey information about the vegetation from which they are derived. One potential source of information is their morphology, which is influenced by the parent material, the nature of the fi...