Cell Stem Cell, Volume 6 Supplemental Information Conserved and Divergent Roles of FGF Signaling in Mouse Epiblast Stem Cells and Human Embryonic Stem Cells Boris Greber, Guangming Wu, Christof Bernemann, Jin Young Joo, Dong Wook Han, Kinarm Ko, Natalia Tapia, Davood Sabour, Jared Sterneckert, Paul Tesar, and Hans R. Schöler Inventory of Supplemental Information Supplemental Tables are all MS E...

Effects of salt stress on absorption and distribution osmotic ions in wheat seedlings were studied with 4 winter varieties under NaCl by exploring dynamic changes Ca2+, K+, Na+, Ca2+/Na+, K+/Na+ Na+ limiting ability. The results showed that the contents Ca2+ ratio gradually decreased a manner both concentration dependent time dependent. extent reduction K+ root was much more severe than shoot. ...

Three experiments were conducted to determine whether feeding 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-OH D3) or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2 D3) improves the tenderness of longissimus dorsi (LD), semimembranosus (SM), and infraspinatus (IF) muscles similar to supplemental vitamin D3 without leaving residual vitamin D3 and its metabolites in muscle. In the first two experiments, 24 crossbred steers wer...

Ion channels are responsible for control of cell function in excitable tissues such as heart and brain and also in organs and tissues traditionally thought to be non- excitable including liver and epithelium. In the present research, the effect of lead (Pb2+) on Ca2+ -dependent action potential and currents was studied in F77 neuronal soma membrane of Helix aspersa. For this purpose, action pot...

Saffron is grown in arid and semi-arid regions in Iran in late autumn, winter and late spring with rainy season. It should be irrigated by supplemental basin irrigation. Since rainfall is usually delayed in autumn, therefore, a pre-flowering irrigation of about 100 mm is needed. In areas with a seasonal rainfall of 600 mm a post- flowering irrigation of about 50 mm is adequate for economical yi...

Brain imaging studies in man and single cell recordings in monkey have suggested that medial supplementary motor areas (SMA) and lateral pre-motor areas (PMA) are functionally dissociated concerning their involvement in internally driven and externally cued movements. This dichotomy, however, seems to be relative rather than absolute. Here, we searched for further evidence of relative differenc...

Discussing the risks and benefits of hormone therapy with a doctor is vitally important because well-designed clinical trials of hormone therapy in HIV-negative women have found some unfavourable effects. For instance, data from large randomized clinical trials have found that supplemental estrogen can help relieve some symptoms of menopause. However, some doctors suggest that antidepressants, ...

Numerous neuroimaging studies have shown structural and functional changes resulting from musical training. Among these studies, changes in primary sensory areas are mostly related to motor functions. In this study, we looked for some similar functional and structural changes in other functional modalities, such as somatosensory function, by examining the effects of musical training with wind i...

the 1,4-dihydropyridine (dhp) derivatives are a known class of calcium channel blockers. some derivatives of dhp showed significant cytotoxicity. it was shown that this effect may not be the result of interaction with ca2+ channels. in this study, we performed an investigation about the intrinsic cytotoxicity of some derivatives of dhp containing nitroimidazole moiety on their c4 position on fo...