The EU adopted a new strategy for Central Asia and that was in July 2019 Bishkek. One year later it is necessary to evaluate what written there if useful or not. Although the states of region are very different among them, as impact strategy, possible depict general outlook. This can be authorities Brussels whether reorient maintain course. In following pages, description main goals set by an a...

I present a model for consumer boycotts. The more a firm complies with consumers’ wishes, the higher its marginal cost, but the lower the probability of facing a consumer boycott. I show that the threat of a consumer boycott can increase the expected profits of firms. Firms lose out when they do face a boycott, but gain even more when their competitor does, giving them more market power. The st...

A "living will" is a type of health care document known as an "Advance Medical Directive." An advance directive is a generic term for a form or document which expresses your preferences in the event you are physically and mentally unable to make medical care decisions for yourself. That is, an Advance Medical Directive is a method of letting others know your wishes about treatment if you are un...

Cross-cultural analyses of speech acts are among the hot topics in contrastive studies and up to now various researchers have explored this very issue. Despite the ample studies in this field, the speech act of congratulation, especially the subject of ‘birthday congratulation’ remains untouched. The study investigates the possible effects of being an Iranian or an American typical Facebook use...

The author wishes to make the following corrections to the published paper [1]: 1. Equation (35) is replaced with:

1 The author wishes to thank IRISS-C/I at CEPS/INSTEAD (Luxembourg) for its financial and academic support.

The problem we address in this paper is the question how to come from initial user wishes to a running system in a straightforward, transparent, modular, and agile manner. In particular, we want to develop a sound underlying theory that grounds engineering approaches that tackle this broad problem (the complete development path for functional requirements, from initial user wishes up to a runni...

A “project manager” wishes to complete a project (e.g., a weaponsdevelopment program) as quickly as possible. Using a limited interdiction budget, an “interdictor” wishes to delay the project’s overall completion time by interdicting and thereby delaying some of the project’s component tasks. We explore a variety of PERT-based interdiction models for such problems and show that the resulting pr...