according to recent studies, about 60 percent of surface waters and 57 percent ground waters are located in snowy zones in iran. in most areas of northern hemisphere and alpine environment areas, snow melt lead to the maximum instantaneous flow rate and is an important part of annual discharge. the present study investigated the effect of snowmelt on the surface waters and ground waters in baha...

Modern utility-scale wind turbines are typically controlled using yaw, generator torque, and blade pitch actuation (Pao and Johnson, 2011). The yaw motor is used to align the rotor with the wind direction for the purpose of maximizing power capture. Generator torque is controlled during below-rated (region 2) operation to maximize power capture by maintaining the optimal tip speed ratio. In abo...

Strong gusts negatively affect wind turbines in many ways. They (1) harm their structural safety; (2) reduce their wind energy output; and (3) lead to a shorter wind turbine rotor blade fatigue life. Therefore, the goal of this study was to provide a global assessment of the gust climate, considering its influence on wind turbines. The gust characteristics analyzed were: (1) the gust speed retu...

Abstract AeroMINEs consist of a mirrored pair foils that have no external moving parts. A low-pressure region is created between the foils. The are hollow and side skins contain orifices (air-jets) allow air to flow from interior foil exterior flow, driven by suction pair. This ducted an internal turbine generator, producing electricity. series pilot-scale field (1-m chord) demonstrations were ...

This paper describes spatial modeling methods to identify wind erosion hazard (WEH) areas across Australia using the recently available time-series products of satellitederived ground cover, soil moisture and wind speed. We implemented the approach and data sets in a geographic information system to produce WEH maps for Australia at 500 m ground resolution on a monthly basis for the recent thir...

wind speed is one of the major parameters required for an estimation of evapotranspiration and determination of crop water requirements. hence, several models and methods have been developed for a prediction of this needed climatic variable. in recent years, by development of soft computing tools, such intelligent systems as artificial neural network (ann) approach have been widely employed in ...