Global routing for VLSI circuits has received wide attraction. In this paper we have presented a Hybrid CHC (HCHC) genetic algorithm for global routing. The hybridization is required for initializing population with feasible solutions. The CHC algorithm is used for evolution. The algorithm was tested for standard test problems and compared with a simple GA. The CHC identified trees very nearer ...

Whole-genome sequencing was performed for Lactobacillus parakefiri JCM 8573T to confirm its hitherto controversial taxonomic position. Here, we report its first reliable reference genome. Genome-wide metrics, such as average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization, and phylogenomic analysis based on multiple genes supported its taxonomic status as a distinct species in the genus L...

Using amino-labeled oligonucleotide probes, we established a simple, robust and low-noise method for simultaneous detection of RNA and DNA by fluorescence in situ hybridization, a highly useful tool to study the large pool of long non-coding RNAs being identified in the current research. With probes either chemically or biologically synthesized, we demonstrate that the method can be applied to ...

We perform ab initio calculations of the electronic structure and conductance of atomic-size Ni nanowires with domain walls only a few atomic lattice constants wide. We show that the hybridization between noncollinear spin states leads to a reduction of the magnetic moments in the domain wall resulting in the enhancement of the domain wall resistance. Experimental studies of the magnetic moment...

With the use of computer-controlled titrators, a rapid amount of data can be taken and accurate values for stability, denaturant m ° values, and Hill coefficients can be obtained over a wide variety of conditions. Hence, CD provides a nice complement to site-resolved methods such as complementary oligonucleotide hybridization, 24 hydroxyl radical footprinting, 25 or chemical modification 26 met...

Fluorescence in situ hybridization was modified by using genomic DNAs as probes to detect wide cross somatic hybrids. The A genome was labelled and visualized as red signal while the B and C genomes were visualized as blue and green signals, respectively. This technique could distinguishly identify the hybrid SP I line with whole full sets of 6 genomes and the hybrid SP II line with some lost c...

Despite the recent completion of the human genome project, the mapping of disease-related chromosomal translocation breakpoints and genes has remained laborious. Here, we describe a novel and rapid procedure to map such translocation breakpoints using flow-sorted chromosomes in combination with array-based comparative genomic hybridization (arrayCGH). To test the feasibility of this approach, w...

Several female malignancies including breast, ovarian, and endometrial cancers can be characterized based on known somatic and germline mutations. Initiation and propagation of tumors reflect underlying genomic alterations such as mutations, polymorphisms, and copy number variations found in genes of multiple cellular pathways. The contributions of any single genetic variation or mutation in a ...

Analysing pooled DNA on microarrays is an efficient way to genotype hundreds of individuals for thousands of markers for genome-wide association. Although direct comparison of case and control fluorescence scores is possible, correction for differential hybridization of alleles is important, particularly for rare single nucleotide polymorphisms. Such correction relies on heterozygous fluorescen...

The search for efficient and reliable bio-inspired optimization methods continues to be an active topic of research due to the wide application of the developed methods. In this study, we developed a reliable and efficient optimization method via the hybridization of two bio-inspired swarm intelligence optimization algorithms, namely, the Monkey Algorithm (MA) and the Krill Herd Algorithm (KHA)...