The titular question here “Why is There A World AT ALL, Rather Than Just Nothing?” is a fusion of two successive queries posed by Leibniz in 1697 and 1714. He did so to lay the groundwork for his explanatory theistic answer. But the present paper offers (i) A very unfavorable verdict from my critical scrutiny of the explanatory demand made by Leibniz, and (ii) My argument for the complete failu...

Modern explanatory ILP methods like Progol, Residue procedure, CF-induction, HAIL and Imparo use the principle of Inverse Entailment (IE). It is based on the fact that the negation of a hypothesis is derived from a prior background theory and the negation of examples. IE-based methods commonly compute a hypothesis in two steps: by first constructing an intermediate theory and next by generalizi...

In imaging tasks where the observer is uncertain whether lesions are present, and where they could be present, the image is searched for lesions. In the free-response paradigm, which closely reflects this task, the observer provides data in the form of a variable number of mark-rating pairs per image. In a companion paper a statistical model of visual search has been proposed that has parameter...

Over the last thirty years, the phenomenon of polarity sensitivity has proven both a touchstone and a stumbling block for theories of grammatical representation. Unfortunately, an abundance of scrutiny does not always guarantee an increase in insight. Two major pitfalls are worth mentioning. On the one hand, as the theorist strives for intimations of universality, the complexity and subtle vari...

the present paper aims to examine the role of frequency lexicon in assessing lexical proficiency of persian learners. addressing the frequency distribution pattern of persian words, the research which is conducted in corpus-based method studies the relationship between words and lexical proficiency as well as derives the frequency lexicon from persian corpus. to do so, formal and colloquial per...

Powell et al 1 have proposed the importance of 90-day mortality after lung cancer surgery, and have generated a predictive score using predominantly objective information. There are obvious advantages over the frequently quoted Thoracoscore which contains more subjective assessments of patient performance, and is based on data from a wide range of thoracic procedures including those for benign ...