BACKGROUND Defecating in the open predisposes people to soil transmitted helminthes and diarrhoeal diseases. An estimated 5.6 million Kenyans defecate in the open. Kenya launched a program to eradicate open defecation by 2013 in the rural areas. By end of 2013, only two sub-counties had eliminated open defecation. These are Nambale and Nyando. The study looked at the impact of eradicating open ...

Bottlenose dolphins live in fission-fusion societies, characterized by frequent changes in group size and composition and long-term social relationships. As part of a longitudinal study of mother-calf behavior of wild Indian Ocean bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops, sp.) in Shark Bay, Australia, we studied the context, behavior and characteristics of mother-calf separations at close (>2m<10m), moder...

PURPOSE To analyze early corneal endothelial cell loss due to microincision cataract surgery (MICS) in comparison with standard phacoemulsification through the temporal clear corneal incision. METHODS The examined group consisted of a nonrandomized, consecutive prospective series of 20 eyes of 20 patients who underwent uneventful microincision cataract surgery. Twenty eyes of 20 patients who ...

We studied the effects of adverse conditions such as constant light (LL) on the circadian rhythm of malate (MDH, EC 1.1.1.37) and lactate (LDH, EC 1.1.1.27) dehydrogenase activities of the testes of male Wistar rats on postnatal day 28 (PN28), anxiety-like behavior (elevated plus-maze test) at PN60 and sexual behavior at PN120. The rats were assigned to mother groups on day 10 of pregnancy: con...

This study investigates the effectiveness of Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) approach in enhancing Indonesian EFL secondary learners’ narrative writing skills perception schools toward applying CTL approach. employed a quasi-experimental design with fifty-two eleventh-grade students as participants. The participants were divided into two groups; An experimental group received approach, c...

introduction: the antimicrobial efficacy of root canal irrigant plays an important role in increasing the success of root canal treatment (rct). the aim of the present experimental study was to compare the antimicrobial activity of triphala (a plant-derived solution) with 0.5, 1, 2.5 and 5% concentrations of sodium hypochlorite (naocl), against enterococcus faecalis ( e. faecalis ). methods and...

The Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney statistic is commonly used for a distribution-free comparison of two groups. One requirement for its use is that the sample sizes of the two groups are fixed. This is violated in some of the applications such as medical imaging studies and diagnostic marker studies; in the former, the violation occurs since the number of correctly localized abnormal images is random, w...