This paper discusses the concept of critical pH for dissolution of enamel in oral fluids. The critical pH does not have a fixed value but rather is inversely proportional to the calcium and phosphate concentrations in the solution. The paper also discusses why teeth dissolve in acid, why remineralization of white-spot caries lesions is possible and why remineralization of teeth eroded by acid i...

background: development of white spot lesions on enamel is a significant and common problem during the fixed orthodontic treatment. various preventive methods have been suggested. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the preventive potential of mi paste plus, er: yag laser and combined under similar in vitro conditions against demineralization. materials and methods: in this experimental i...

white spot lesions are observed in nearly 50% of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. long-lasting antibacterial properties of orthodontic cements can reduce this phenomenon. the aim of this research was to compare antimicrobial activity of three commercial glass ionomer cements with three commercial zinc phosphate cements, over time, against streptococcus mutans and candida albicans. dir...

a number of innocent rashes occurs in neonates. they are usually transient and self limited and thus require no therapy but early recognition is important to distinguish these lesions from more serious disorders. in this study, our purpose was to determine the frequency of birthmarks in iranian neonates. the presence of various types of birthmarks was determined in 503 iranian neonates under 72...

introduction: although dental caries is a preventable disease, it is still common and remains a public health problem. one of the potentially effective preventive measures is the use of lasers. the purpose of this study was to review the studies about use of laser irradiation on the inhibition of carious lesions and the effectiveness of different commercial laser type (nd:yag, co2, and argon). ...

BACKGROUND Developmental studies on butterfly wing color patterns often focus on eyespots. A typical eyespot (such as that of Bicyclus anynana) has a few concentric rings of dark and light colors and a white spot (called a focus) at the center. The prospective eyespot center during the early pupal stage is known to act as an organizing center. It has often been assumed, according to gradient mo...

Objectives: The determine the frequency of how common white spot lesions in orthodontic patients .Materials and Methods: A total 147 who visited Orthodontics department at Khyber College Dentistry, Peshawar were included study. Intraoral pictures acquired using a DSLR camera before after therapy (6 months fi xed device insertion) (D600). development was evaluated between pre post-therapy photos...