The nonperturbative aspects of string theory are explored for noncritical string in two distinct formulations, loop equations and matrix models. The effects corresponding to the D-brane in these formulations are especially investigated in detail. It is shown that matrix models can universally yield a definite value of the chemical potential for an instanton while loop equations cannot. This imp...

Through a questionnaire survey, this study identifies and investigates seven antecedents of consumer acceptance of mobile TV advertising. Negative factors include intrusiveness, lack of trust in the advertiser, and excessive frequency; positive influences include enjoyment, originality, value, and relevance. The study proposes and validates two measurement models of these antecedents and provid...

This thesis develops the idea of probabilistic arithmetic The aim is to replace arithmetic operations on numbers with arithmetic operations on random variables Speci cally we are interested in numerical methods of calculating convolutions of probability distributions The long term goal is to be able to handle random prob lems such as the determination of the distribution of the roots of random ...

For a journal article of quality, an excellent concept and significant results are basic requirements. However, a more important factor is how to make a coherent argument. To explain the article's subject, scientific and logical discourse is necessary. In addition, appropriate quotations are needed to support the key claims because quotations situate the claims of the article within a community...

Under the rapid development of Internet, China's short video industry has entered a period development. As an emerging technology product born in recent years, Short Video characteristics low creation threshold, convenient viewing method, and fast dissemination, which users love. Many bloggers have gained massive traffic through thus huge economic income. With explosion industry, large companie...

Rarity reflects the low abundance of a species while distinctiveness its quality being easy to recognize because it has unique functional characteristics and/or an isolated phylogenetic position. As such, assemblage-level rarity species' and (that we name ‘effective originality’) results from both this species. The diversity assemblage then compromise between abundances effective originalities ...