Increased atmospheric [CO2] could theoretically lead to increased forest productivity (‘CO2 fertilization’). This mechanism was hypothesized as a possible explanation for biomass increases reported from tropical forests in the last 301 years. We used unique long-term records of annually measured stands (eighteen 0.5 ha plots, 10 years) and focal tree species (six species, 24 years) to assess th...

Comparison of simultaneous Global Positioning System (GPS) and water vapor radiometer (WVR) measurements at Goldstone over 82 days in the period between June 25 and October 6, 1996, shows agreement in zenith wet path-delay estimates to <6 mm rms. The level of agreement is consistent with the expected levels of GPS and WVR errors. This method shows considerable promise for improving the accuracy...

Floras of predominantly wet-soil environments show a greater than expected proportion of toothed leaves, affecting the outcome of leaf physiognomically based temperature estimates. New analyses of foliar physiognomy of plants growing in predominantly wet soils in modern forests suggest that current methods of inferring paleotemperatures from fossil floras yield underestimates of 2.5-10 degrees ...

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a convenient, rapid, and one-pot method for the synthesis of azo dyes has been developed. in this protocol, diazotization reagent (arn2+ -cro3–sio2) was prepared via grinding of aromatic amines, nano2, wet sio2 and nano silica chromic acid (nano-sca) without solvent at room temperature. the obtained diazotization reagent was sufficiently stable to be kept at room temperature in the dry state fo...

Fungal breakdown of plant material rich in lignin and cellulose (i.e. lignocellulose) is of central importance to terrestrial carbon (C) cycling due to the abundance of lignocellulose above and below-ground. Fungal growth on lignocellulose is particularly influential in tropical forests, as woody debris and plant litter contain between 50% and 75% lignocellulose by weight, and can account for 2...

The accuracy and stability of the atmospheric wet path delay as measured by the microwave radiometer onboard ERS-2 is crucial to altimetric measures of sea-level change. In this study a GPS receiver on an oil platform in the North Sea is first used to quantify the ERS-2 radiometic wet path delay for the period 1999-2003. The observed discrepancies between the GPS results and the radiometer moti...

The Powertrain Dynamics Library (PTDynamics) has been developed using a new approach to modelling the mechanics of rotating MultiBody systems. This paper will highlight the recent developments within the PTDynamics library with a focus on the dynamic torque converter and wet clutch models that enable the prediction of the launch feel of automatic and dual clutch transmission equipped vehicles. ...

Fermented maize product ‘ogi’ is a popular weaning and breakfast cereal in sub-Saharan Africa traditionally made from maize, sorghum or millet. It is prepared by steeping clean grains in water at room temperature (25±2 0C) for two to three days [1]. The steep water is decanted and the fermented grain is washed with clean water and then wet-milled. The bran is removed by wet sieving and the slur...