Recently published studies that investigate the effect of benefit cuts on the employment prospects of unemployed show that sanctions substantially increase the probability of an individual to get employed. This evidence suggests at first sight that benefit sanctions are an effective tool in the activation process of the unemployed and should be used more frequently by welfare agencies to enhanc...

Abstract Introduced in the United Kingdom 2012, Universal Credit (UC) is a welfare benefit that replaces six working-age ‘legacy’ benefits for out-of-work and low-income people. Designed with aim of simplifying incentivising paid work, UC represents deepening conditionality British state. Considering these developments, this paper quantitatively investigates effect on recipients’ life satisfact...

background bk virus (bkv) belongs to the human polyomaviridae and the primary bkv infection is occurred during childhood then the virus could be latent through life, especially in the kidneys and urinary system. it became reactive after an immunocompromised status, such as pregnancy or transplantation. isolated bkv from different locations of the world is grouped into four subtypes using serolo...

With the adoption of “Act to combat poverty and social exclusion” (Act 112) in 2002, Québec had present three action plans “[…] guide Government society as a whole toward process planning implementing actions counter exclusion strive poverty-free society” (Québec 2). To achieve this important goal, one state’s strategies has been reinforce already existing employment incentives for people consi...