The structure of gravity currents and plumes, in an unbounded ambient, on a slope of arbitrary angle is analysed. Inviscid, rotational flow solutions in a wedge are used to study the flow near the front of a current, and used to show that the Froude number is radical2 and the angle of the front to the slope is 60 degrees. This extends the result of von Kármán (1940) to arbitrary slope angles an...

The use and analysis of solid Fabry-Perot etalons for interferometry and laser control are discussed and supported with experimental data. Low angle scattering is found to be an important factor influencing finesse and peak transmission. Thermal tuning sensitivity and wedge-angle control with thermal gradients are analyzed and illustrated. Control of laser oscillations using a solid-state etalo...

Diffraction, in the context of semiclassical mechanics, describes the manner in which quantum mechanics smooths over discontinuities in the classical mechanics. An important example is a billiard with sharp corners; its semiclassical quantisation requires the inclusion of diffractive periodic orbits in addition to classical periodic orbits. In this paper we construct the corresponding zeta func...

The discrete element method (DEM) is becoming widely accepted as an effective for addressing tectonic problems in granular materials. It capable of reproducing structures observed the analog model (AM). However, previous experiments also pointed to variability among DEM models and AMs number fault zones, their dip angle spacing, evolution surface slope a thrust wedge. accuracy depends on input ...

Phased array ultrasonic testing technology is of flexible, reliable, efficient and suitable for special equipment welds non-destructive testing. Sectorial scan angle range was investigated in this paper for phased array ultrasonic oblique incident pulse shear wave testing of special equipment welds made in low carbon steel. The theoretical calculation of ultrasound wave energy transmission coef...

Formulas by which the partial derivatives of the ellipsometric parameters psi and Delta with respect to the angle of incidence can be calculated are presented. These derivatives are plotted as a function of the angle of incidence, the refractive indices of the film, the substrate, and the immersion medium, and also as a function of film thickness on three-dimensional graphs. These graphs illust...

BACKGROUND High tibial osteotomy is a common procedure to treat symptomatic osteoarthritis of the medial compartment of the knee with varus alignment. This is achieved by overcorrecting the varus alignment to 2-6° of valgus. Various high tibial osteotomy techniques are currently used to this end. Common procedures are medial opening wedge and lateral closing wedge tibial osteotomies. The latera...

inclined retaining walls with slopes less than perpendicular are appropriate candidates in several engineering problems. yet, to the knowledge of authors, only a few analytical solution for calculation of active earth pressure on such walls, which will be usually smaller than the same pressure on vertical ones, has been presented neither in research papers nor in design codes. considering limit...

background: physical wedges are still widely used as beam modifiers in external beam radiotherapy. however the presence of them in the beam trace may cause beam hardening which may not be considered in many treatment planning systems. the aim of this study is to investigate the beam hardening effect generated by physical wedges via different beam quality indexes as photon spectrum, half value l...

In this work, we have studied the problem of arranging randomly scattered wireless sensor antennas in a way that guarantees the connectivity of the induced communication graph. The main challenge here is to minimize energy consumption while preserving node connectivity [2]. In order to save power, increase transmission capacity and reduce interference, antennas should communicate along a wedge-...