The freezing of water typically proceeds through impurity-mediated heterogeneous nucleation. Although non-planar geometry generically exists on the surfaces of ice nucleation centres, its role in nucleation remains poorly understood. Here we show that an atomically sharp, concave wedge can further promote ice nucleation with special wedge geometries. Our molecular analysis shows that significan...

Routine constancy checks of electron energy are often time consuming because of the necessity to measure a dose at two depths. A technique is described that uses a double-wedge shaped phantom positioned on a Profiler diode array for measuring an electron energy constancy metric similar to R(50). The double-wedge electron profiles are invariant to phantom alignment in the wedge direction, unlike...

The characteristic features and applications of linear and nonlinear guided elastic waves propagating along surfaces (2D) and wedges (1D) are discussed. Laser-based excitation, detection, or contact-free analysis of these guided waves with pump-probe methods are reviewed. Determination of material parameters by broadband surface acoustic waves (SAWs) and other applications in nondestructive eva...

Aim: The purpose of this study was to make a comparison between measured and calculated physical wedge dose distributions using the superposition algorithm. Settings and Design: The accurate determination of absorbed dose is important radiotherapy because of the relatively steep sigmoidal dose response curves for both tumor control and normal-tissue damage. Materials and Methods: High-energy ph...

Wafer level packaging could reduce the cost of MEMS based sensors through simplified processing and inexpensive components. A novel vacuum tight seal referred to as the wedge seal method is proposed in this paper. The seal consists of a silicon wedge forced into a pliable material (typically a metal) that is attached to the component wafer. The wedge-seal addresses some of the requirements of m...

Enhanced dynamic wedge factors (EDWF) are characterized by a strong field size dependence. In contrast to physical wedge factors, the EDWF decrease as the field size is increased: for 6 MV 60 degrees wedge, the EDWF decreases by 50% when the field size is increased from 4 x 4 cm2 to 20 x 20 cm2. A method that eliminates the field size dependence of EDWF was developed and investigated in this wo...

Ultrasonic wedges which can propagate one longitudinal L and two orthogonally polarized shear S waves are presented. In order to use this wedge to generate and received guided plate acoustic waves along a metal plate at high temperatures brass which has a slow L and S wave velocities was chosen. Mode conversion method was used to convert L to S waves in the wedge. The mode conversion efficiency...

Over a field of characteristic zero, we introduce two motivic operations on additive higher Chow cycles: analogues of the Connes boundary B operator and the shuffle product on Hochschild complexes. The former allows us to apply the formalism of mixed complexes to additive Chow complexes building a bridge between additive higher Chow theory and additive K-theory. The latter induces a wedge produ...

Recent observations of an association between forearc basins and slip during subduction thrust earthquakes suggest a link between processes controlling upper plate structure and seismic coupling on the subduction-zone thrust fault. We present a mechanism for the formation of these basins where sedimentation occurs on landward-dipping segments of the subduction wedge, which itself is actively gr...

INTRODUCTION Osteoporosis, the most common metabolic disorder, can eventually lead to fragility fractures. Of all osteoporotic fractures, vertebral wedge fractures are the most common. They are associated with pain, a decrease in quality of life, and a change in spinal alignment. The changed spinal alignment increases the chance of subsequent fractures: a wedge fracture changes the loading dire...