pure anatase titania (tio2), mixed 1.0 wt.% cerium-anatase titania (1.0 wt.%ceo2-tio2), and mixed 1.0 wt.% zirconia-anatase titania (1.0 wt.%zro2-tio2) nano powders were synthesized by co-precipitation method and characterized using x-ray diffraction (xrd), brunauer-emmett-teller (bet) surface area analysis, uv-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (drs), and transmission electron microscope (te...

The present definition of the unit of time, the second, is based on the frequency of the microwave transition between two hyperfine levels of the Cs atom. Recently, it has been realized that the accuracy and stability of atomic clocks can be substantially improved by trapping atoms in optical lattices operated at a certain “magic” wavelength 1,2 . At this magic wavelength, both clock levels exp...

The role of exogenous thyroid hormone on visual pigment content of rod and cone photoreceptors was investigated in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). Coho vary the ratio of vitamin A1- and A2-based visual pigments in their eyes. This variability potentially alters spectral sensitivity and thermal stability of the visual pigments. We tested whether the direction of shift in the vitamin A1/A2 ra...

Wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) technology has been developing in broadband optical networks. The wavelength range used in fiber transmission systems has been increasing by employing various kinds of fiber amplifiers. In order to make it possible to handle signals of multiple wavelengths efficiently in network nodes, wavelength-selective processing in switching, routing and buffering sys...

A theory is presented that considers the resonance shift of degenerate whispering-gallery modes (WGMs) in sensor applications. The theory is then applied to a pair of counterpropagating waves in a spheroidal resonator. Adsorption of a particle lifts the twofold degeneracy, resulting in a pair of standing waves with a symmetric field around the particle, a standing symmetric wave (SSW) and an an...

In this paper, we present a Fiber-Bragg-Grating-based temperature sensor. The technique employs heterodyne detection using two Fiber Bragg Gratings. One of the gratings is used as a reference (local oscillator) and the second as a sensing arm. This sensor uses a Folded Mach-Zehnder interferometer. As the temperature changes, the Bragg wavelength of the FBG shifts. The heterodyne detection is us...

Manipulation of dispersion curve for enhancing surface plasmon resonance (SPR) detection is proposed. Based on strong correlation between slope of dispersion curve and SPR angle shift, it is confirmed that dispersion curve characteristics can be employed as an analysis tool to evaluate SPR sensor performance and to predict anomalous plasmonic behaviors. Complicated resonance shift in SPR angle,...