1. Introduction Multiple steps in weighting are common in survey estimation. Each step usually introduces a source of variability in an estimator that may be important to reflect when estimating variances. A typical sequence of weighting steps in a probability sample is this: 1. Compute base weights. 2. Adjust weights to account for units with unknown eligibility. 3. Adjust weights for nonrespo...

Background: Approximately 25% of patients after bariatric surgery either do not lose enough weight or regain a considerable amount weight, both are referred to as nonresponse. This study aimed t...

Nonresponse is a fundamental issue in survey research, due to the trend of declining response rates across modes. This particularly serious for web surveys: A recent meta-analysis found that unit nonresponse surveys is, on average, higher by 12 percentage points than other modes ( Daikeler et al., 2020 ). Although and has been investigated several meta-analyses, item not examined meta-analytica...