Measurements of solubility and vapor pressure indicate that the cost of making a cavity in a nonpolar solvent that is large enough to accommodate a single water molecule is just balanced by the attraction between the water molecule and the walls of the cavity. As a result of this unexpected coincidence, the equilibrium constant for entry of an isolated water molecule from the vapor phase into c...

Pillared carbon thin films were prepared from the thermal reduction of graphite oxide silylated with octyltrichlorosilane and then dimethyldichlorosilane. The interlayer spacing of the resulting pillared carbon thin film was 1.29 nm, and it contained hydrophobic Si–CH3 groups, excluding Si–OH ones. The resistance of it increased during the exposure to acetone vapor, while it was unchanged when ...

results gelatin films exhibited good tensile strength and elongation at break, water solubility, swelling, and water vapor permeability. incorporation of tam into the gelatin films caused a significant decrease in tensile strength and swelling, and a significant increase in elongation at break, water solubility, water vapor permeability and whiteness of the films. gelatin films exhibited low an...

Water vapor sorption in films consisting of poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO) amphiphilic block copolymers has been measured gravimetrically at air relative humidity in the range 38–94% at 248C. The water sorption isotherm was obtained and compared to data for water vapor desorption (drying) for the same system. The kinetics of water vapor sorption we...

We report on the detection of a new megamaser, the 31, 3–22, 0 H2O line ( GHz) in Arp 220, using n p 183.310 0 the Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM) 30 m telescope. The line is about 350 km s 1 wide with a total luminosity of ∼2.5 # 10 K km s 1 pc. Although OH megamasers were first discovered in this source, no emission is seen in the 61, 6–52, 3 H2O transition ( GHz), a line oth...

D.W.KEITH AND A.E.FARRELL’S POLICY FORUM “Rethinking hydrogen cars” (18 July, p. 315) draws attention to the need for broad technology assessment of a popular policy alternative. In the pursuit of this new technology, the focus on the problem to be solved can lead to insufficient attention being paid to new environmental problems that might follow from its adoption. These new problems become to...

Calculations based on a consideration of gas diffusion of gas dynamics in a sonoluminescing bubble filled with a noble gas and water vapor are carried out. Xenon-, argon-, and helium-filled bubbles are studied. In the absence of shock waves, bubble temperatures are found to be decreased, a decrease attributable to the large heat capacity of water vapor. Peak bubble temperature reductions are se...

The updating concerns mainly the sensitivity analysis. The model is not anymore monochromatic, the system matrix K is now calculated separately for the two contributions water vapor and CO2 : K=KH2O+KCO2. The contribution of 0.04 % CO2 is small as compared to the contribution of 3.5 % water vapor: for the global and annual mean evacuation the contributions of CO2 and water vapor could be dealt ...

DIAL methodology is analyzed for developing a forward observation operator and an error covariance matrix for 4-d variational assimilation of water vapor data into mesoscale models. The operator is applied to data of the LASE system which were collected during the IHOP_2002 campaign. The assimilation effort will be performed using the MM5 model nested into an ECMWF analysis. The goal of this pr...