In theory, valuation effects (changes in net external assets of a country arising from movements in exchange rates or asset returns) are an important channel of international risk sharing as they facilitate external adjustment. However, the effects can also be economically destabilizing in the presence of frictions in the international financial system. Despite the growing significance of valua...

despite of fifteen years old legislation of environmental impact assessment (eia) in iran, investigations show that there are some kinds of shortcoming in the effectiveness and efficiency of these assessments. although some of these failures were attributed by weakness in the administrative structure, but methodological shortcomings and lack of transparency had an effective role in the these pr...

This paper uses the notion of Galois-connection to examine the relation between valuation-spaces and logics. Every valuation-space gives rise to a logic, and every logic gives rise to a valuation space, where the resulting pair of functions form a Galois-connection, and the composite functions are closureoperators. A valuation-space (resp., logic) is said to be complete precisely if it is Galoi...

We studied here on some simple examples the interaction between valuation family, parameters and ranking result. The ranking method studied is based upon the idea of associating with a fuzzy number a scalar value, its valuation, and using this valuation to compare and order fuzzy numbers. The valuation method considered was introduced initially by the Yager and Filev. This valuation consists in...

The real closed valuation rings, i.e., convex subrings of real closed fields, form a proper subclass of the class of real closed domains. It is shown how one can recognize whether a real closed domain is a valuation ring. This leads to a characterization of the totally ordered domains whose real closure is a valuation ring. Real closures of totally ordered factor rings of coordinate rings of re...

This paper deals with representation and solution of asymmetric decision problems. We describe a new graphical representation called sequential valuation networks, which is a hybrid of Covaliu and Oliver’s sequential decision diagrams and Shenoy’s asymmetric valuation networks. Sequential valuation networks inherit many of the strengths of sequential decision diagrams and asymmetric valuation n...