he careless application of technology and poor planning have had deteriorating effects on the economy, agricultural production and social structure in iran. the country, where the exportation of excess agricultural production brought a major portion of her income some 20 years ago, had to import more than 75 per cent of the food needs of her prople in recent years. some national plans or major ...

For prepaid charging of water, the Prepaid Water control circuit connection had been introduced .Main purpose this system is to monitor water meter readings without visiting customer's location. This has an advantage fast and precise calculation usage water. helps prevent misuse by illegal customers. The implementation method will assist finer management, conservation energy also in doing away ...

In the Yellow River basin, China, ecosystems suffer from the overexploitation and utilization of water resources, resulting in various environmental impacts. Consideration must be given to both human and ecosystem water requirements in water resources management. A water footprint (WF) is a tool for estimating industrial, agricultural, commercial and household water requirements and for examini...

Background: Iran is located within the dry and semi dry regions, thus almost 90% of the required water is secured via the use of groundwater. Owing to the increasing pollution of water resources, this study was performed to evaluate water quality pollution indices for heavy metals (As, Zn, Pb and Cu) contamination monitoring in Toyserkan Plain during spring and summer in 2012. Methods: A tot...

0198-9715/$ see front matter 2008 Elsevier Ltd. A doi:10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2008.12.001 * Corresponding author. Tel.: +357 2289 2270; fax: E-mail addresses: [email protected] (S. Christod (A. Deligianni), [email protected] (P. Aslani), ceepaa4@ The efficient and organized management of public utility networks is of paramount importance to a network’s viability and reliable functioning. One of...

Beyond grazing, managed grasslands provide ecological services that may offer economic incentives for multifunctional use. Increasing biodiversity of plant communities may maximize net primary production by optimizing utilization of available light, water, and nutrient resources; enhance production stability in response to climatic stress; reduce invasion of exotic species; increase soil OM; re...

background: iran is located within the dry and semi dry regions, thus almost 90% of the required water is secured via the use of groundwater. owing to the increasing pollution of water resources, this study was performed to evaluate water quality pollution indices for heavy metals (as, zn, pb and cu) contamination monitoring in toyserkan plain during spring and summer in 2012. methods: a total ...