background: iran is an arid country and has serious limitations in terms of water recourses. in arid and semi-arid regions this problem is more severe. industry is one of the primary water consumers in the country and appropriate determination of industry water demand is on the most important priorities that should be considered to save water consumption as well as determining the industry wate...

This study investigated the relationships between fish condition and environmental variables in Barbus sclateri from semi-arid freshwater ecosystems in the south-eastern Iberian Peninsula. Two main habitats were studied: semi-arid streams characterized by strong seasonal fluctuations in flow level (droughts and floods) and reservoirs (artificial ecosystems characterised by waters of high conduc...

water shortage crisis is an issue that has led to drastic changes in different agricultural policies, especially in arid and semi-arid areas. uncertainty in the amount of resources, e.g. water, used for agricultural production entails risk for farmers' income and cropping pattern changes. in the present study, the robust optimization model was used for optimal allocation of arable lands of khor...

recently, the existing mechanism of the market has been considered as an efficient method for allocating water resources in some developed and developing countries. the necessary conditions to establish an efficient water market and its economic consequents must be recognized before using this method in iran. the purpose of this study is to investigate the economic consequences and present prac...

increasing the efficiency of water use is one of the main topics of sustainable agriculture in arid and semi-arid. the use of some materials such as superabsorbent polymers increase water storage in the soil and thus reduce the water use. increase water storage in the soil to reduce the effects of drought and saline soil. in order to evaluate the effect of super absorbent polymer on survival an...

Riparian zones in semi-arid regions often exhibit high rates of evapotranspiration (ET) in spite of low soil moisture content due to vegetation that is able to withdraw water from shallow aquifers. This work better defines the relationship between ET and the saturated zone by comparing the observed water table drawdown to analytically modeled drawdown in fully penetrating wells of an unconfined...

BACKGROUND Desiccation resistance shapes the distribution of terrestrial insects at multiple spatial scales. However, responses to drying stress have been poorly studied in aquatic groups, despite their potential role in constraining their distribution and diversification, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. METHODS We examined desiccation resistance in adults of four congeneric water...

The current paradigm of plant nutrient limitation during ecosystem development predicts a change from nitrogen (N) limitation when substrates are young to phosphorus (P) limitation when substrates are old. However, there are surprisingly few direct tests of this model. We evaluated this theory experimentally along a three million year semi-arid substrate age gradient using resource additions to...