Water distribution systems are complex interconnected networks that require extensive planning and maintenance to ensure that the drinking water is delivered to the consumers. Lack of adequate water supply in urban areas is due to aging water distribution systems and inadequate maintenance of this critical infrastructure (Bhave 2003). The reliability of such deteriorating systems is continually...

for any agency dealing with the design of the water distribution network, an economic design will be an objective. in this research, central force optimization (cfo) and differential evolution (de) algorithm were used to optimize ismail abad water distribution network. optimization of the network has been evaluated by developing an optimization model based on cfo and de algorithm in matlab and ...

extended abstract abstract pressure management is an effective method for water demand management. for evaluation of the effects of pressure changes on leakage level of water networks, the favad equation is usually used. however, in this equation, exponent of pressure parameter (n) needs to be determined. for estimation of n, either some information about the leak opening is necessary or networ...

Nonpigmented and late-pigmenting rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) have been reported to commonly colonize water production and distribution systems. However, there is little information about the nature and distribution of RGM species within the different parts of such complex networks or about their clustering into specific RGM species communities. We conducted a large-scale survey between 2...

water is the most essential component for sustaining lives of humans and other living creatures. supplying potable water with adequate residual pressure is a fundamental responsibility of city administration, which they do during normal conditions. but sometimes, abnormal conditions are formed resulting pressure deficient conditions during the daily operations of water distribution networks. th...

One of the great concerns of potable water consumers regarding its quality is the pollution of potable water with pathogenic microorganisms. Fungi in drinking water are responsible for changing the taste and odor of water. Health problems are possible, originating from mycotoxins, animal pathogens and allergies. Water samples were collected between December 2014 and June 2015 from different sit...