Large contemporary swine-production systems routinely turn to water delivery systems as a method for administering approved therapeutic agents when circumstances call for mass treatment of entire pig populations. Water medications are used for reasons ranging from the relative ease of the method compared to injectables, to the decreased likelihood of needle-stick injuries and broken needles fou...

Nanosponge and Microsponge delivery System was originally developed for topical delivery of drugs can also be used for controlled oral delivery of drugs using water soluble and bioerodible polymers. It holds a promising future in various pharmaceutical applications in the coming years like enhanced product performance and elegancy, extended release, reduced irritation, improved thermal, physica...

To examine the generality of the interreward response effects shown by rats under periodic food delivery, we presented .10 ml of water at minimum interwater intervals that ranged from 8 to 512 sec. Use of a 24-h multiresponse environment allowed evaluation-of interdrink responses with respect to their excessiveness, patterning, and functional relationship to the interwater interval. In contrast...

With so much global attention and commitment towards making the Water and Sanitation targets of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) a reality, available figures seem to speak on the contrary as they reveal a large disparity between the expected and what currently obtains especially in developing countries. As studies have shown that the standard industrialized world model for delivery of sa...

• A new deterministic constrained optimisation algorithm has been developed to provide a strategy for scheduling water delivery in pressurized irrigation network minimise energy consumption. The provides the opening and closing combination inject constant flow rates into reduce We tested this real network, getting an expenditure savings ranging from 10 40%. utility manager can adapt schedule co...

Information on the preparation and properties of starch/gelatin blend microparticles with and without crosslinking for drug delivery is presented. The blend microparticles were prepared by the water-in-oil emulsion solvent diffusion method. Glutaraldehyde and methylene blue were used as the crosslinker and the water-soluble drug model, respectively. The blend microparticles were characterized b...

In aquatic ecosystems, water flow mediates the delivery of reproductive propagules, competition and predation, each of which may have contrasting effects on biodiversity. Here, we show that water flow has a net positive effect on the biodiversity of benthic invertebrate communities in three biogeographic regions. In Palau and Alaska, flow velocity predicted 55-91% of the variance in species ric...

Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) fuel cells incorporating microchannels (D<500 μm) can benefit from improved fuel delivery and convective cooling. However, this requires a better understanding of twophase microchannel transport phenomena, particularly liquid-gas interactions and liquid clogging in cathode air-delivery channels. This paper develops optical fluorescence imaging of water films i...