Wastewater management focused, for many years, on the treatment of wastewater to protect the environment and safeguard the public health. An integrated approach to wastewater management is more extensive and includes the control of generation, collection and transport, treatment, disposal and reuse of wastewater in a manner that is in accord with the best principles of public health, economics,...

Conventional wastewater treatment, primary and secondary treatment processes with simultaneous phosphorus precipitation, is the most common process combination used in Finnish wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). It typically eliminates most of the organic load and phosphorus, as well as part of the enteric microorganisms present in raw wastewater. Municipal secondary effluents still contain so...

A wastewater tertiary treatment system based on membrane ultrafiltration and fed with secondary-treated municipal wastewater was evaluated for its Giardia cyst and Cryptosporidium oocyst removal efficiency. Giardia duodenalis (assemblages A and B) and Cryptosporidium parvum were identified in feed water but were found in filtered water only during occasional failure of the filtration system.

Water scarcity and water pollution is a worldwide problem and has driven research into eco-friendly and low-energy cost efficient remediation. The reuse of wastewater for non-potable purpose after proper treatment is the only sustainable solution to the problem. Advanced oxidation processes (AOP) based on the in-situ generation of hydroxyl radicals have been intensively investigated for this pu...

background: rivers and streams are important sources of surface waters. water quality of these resources depends on many factors including hydrologic, physicochemical and biological factors. these resources are important in terms of social, economic and political development.. zayanderood river is the only river in central basin of iran that has permanent fresh water. this river has an importan...

In order to achieve ecological wastewater treatment, a “closed-loop treatment system” is recommended. Many present day systems are a “disposal-based linear system”. The traditional linear treatment systems must be transformed into the cyclical treatment to promote the conservation of water and nutrient resources. Using organic waste nutrient cycles, from “point-of-generation” to “point-of-produ...

shortage of fresh water resources is a major worldly concern. accessibility of water forirrigation purposes is also one of the most important concerns in arid and semiaridregions. this is why treated domestic wastewater is thought of as an important watersource. even following treatment, wastewater may contain a great many kinds ofmicroorganisms hazardous to humans and environment. therefore th...

Wastewater treatment issues are extremely important for humanity. Their consideration becomes more than a necessity, a responsibility and every producer must improve their treatment processes. The efficiency increasing of these processes has been done in two ways: 1. by technological way various types of treatment were developed during the past years and this domain has almost no technological ...

The aim of this study was to compare the selected aquatic plants ability to remove nitrate from wastewater. Excess of these nutrients in water can directly affect human health (methemoglobinaemia) or indirectly through the products of secondary pollution include eutrophication. Negative impact of nutrients excess in surface water often causes the destruction of water ecosystems, and therefore, ...