In this paper, a review on road friction virtual sensing approaches is provided. In particular, this work attempts to address whether the road grip potential can be estimated accurately under regular driving conditions in which the vehicle responses remain within low longitudinal and lateral excitation levels. This review covers in detail the most relevant effect-based estimation methods; these...

In this assessment, hybrid composites were prepared from the combination of industrial waste, as marble waste powder (MWP) with conventional fillers, carbon black (CB) as well as silica as reinforcing material, incorporated with natural rubber (NR). The properties studied were curing, mechanical and swelling behavior. Assimilation of CB as well as silica into MWP containing NR compound responde...

Road traffic noise is becoming an increasingly big problem in densely populated areas. One of the main contributions comes from the tyre/road interaction. For the interior noise, to which the occupants of the vehicle are exposed, tyre/road noise is also an important source, especially at lower frequencies. The vibrations of the tyre up to 500 Hz are transmitted via structural transmission paths...

A case-control study of bladder cancer was conducted in five United States rubber and tyre companies to determine if there were high-risk jobs and work areas within the industry. The study included 220 male cases of bladder cancer, of whom 107 were identified from hospital record reviews and 113 from death certificates. Each case was matched individually with two industry controls by sex, race,...

An analysis of the mortality of a cohort of 6629 workers employed from 1906 to 1981 in a rubber tyre factory in northern Italy (978 deaths and over 133,000 man-years at risk) showed that the all cause mortality ratio was slightly lower than expected (0.91). Overall cancer mortality was close to expected (275 v 259.4) but there were significant excess rates for two cancer sites: pleura (9 observ...

Future active safety systems will require more accurate information about the state of a vehicle and the operating conditions of an individual tyre. Aquaplaning is a dangerous situation in which the contact between the tyre and the road is partially or completely lost. In this paper, the movements of the inner liner of the tyre during aquaplaning are measured optically and exploited to estimate...

The reasons for using sterilized pus in the place of autogenous or other vaccines are : 1. The great simplicity and cheapness. 2. The pus is truly autogenous, this is not so with vaccines prepared from organisms grown on artificial media; for the organism is changed by such growth. 3. Besides the bacteria, pus contains toxins, and antibodies both extremely useful for therapeutic inoculation. Th...

The Magic Formula and SWIFT tyre models are well-known semi-empirical tyre models for vehicle dynamic simulations. Up to now, the only way to account for inflation pressure changes is to identify all model parameters for each inflation pressure that has to be considered. Since this is a time consuming and consequently expensive activity, research at TNO and Eindhoven University of Technology wa...