The authors present a manufacturing cost analysis for producing thin-film indium phosphide modules by combining a novel thin-film vapor–liquid–solid (TF-VLS) growth process with a standard monolithic module platform. The example cell structure is ITO/n-TiO2/p-InP/Mo. For a benchmark scenario of 12% efficient modules, the module cost is estimated to be $0.66/W(DC) and the module cost is calculat...

Let R be an associative ring with identity. It is shown that every Σ -cotorsion left R-module satisfies the descending chain condition on divisibility formulae. If R is countable, the descending chain condition on M implies that it must be Σ -cotorsion. It follows that, for countable R, the class of Σ -cotorsion modules is closed under elementary equivalence and pure submodules. The modules M t...

The major barrier that prevents the application of formal verification to large designs is state explosion. This paper presents a new approach for verification of timed circuits using automatic abstraction. This approach partitions the design into modules, each with constrained complexity. Before verification is applied to each individual module, irrelevant information to the behavior of the se...

Let £ be a split semisimple Lie algebra over a field of characteristic zero and <£ = 3C+ ]C«eA«£a be the rootspace decomposition of <£ relative to a splitting Cartan subalgebra 5C, where the subset A of 3C* is the corresponding root-system. Fix a simple system of roots {c*i, «2, • • • , ai}, for which the positive (resp. negative) roots are denoted by A+ (resp. A_). For a EA let Ra be the W...

We introduce the notions of “k-connected-slice” and “π1-slice”, interpolating between “homotopy ribbon” and “slice”. We show that every high-dimensional knot group π is the group of an (n− 1)-connected-slice n-knot for all n ≥ 3. However if π is the group of an n-connected-slice n-knot the augmentation ideal I(π) must have deficiency 1 as a module. If moreover n = 2 and π is finitely generated ...

A ring is called n-perfect (n ≥ 0), if every flat module has projective dimension less or equal than n. In this paper, we show that the n-perfectness relate, via homological approach, some homological dimension of rings. We study n-perfectness in some known ring constructions. Finally, several examples of n-perfect rings satisfying special conditions are given.

This is the second paper in a series to study regular representations for vertex operator algebras. In this paper, given a module W for a vertex operator algebra V , we construct, out of the dual space W , a family of canonical (weak) V ⊗V -modules called DQ(z)(W ) parametrized by a nonzero complex number z. We prove that for V -modules W,W1 and W2, a Q(z)-intertwining map of type ( W ′ W1W2 ) ...

This paper presents AsdeCopas, a module designed to interface syntax and semantics. AsdeCopas is based on hierarchically organised semantic rules, that output formulas in a flat language. In this paper, we show how this system can be used in the following applications: a) semantic disambiguation; b) logical formulas construction (in Minimal Recursion Semantics); c) question interpretation.

The object of research is the shape blade a vertical-axis installation. problem solved in this work to find optimal for wind power installation operation at low speeds or areas where its flow limited. In course work, interaction between each option and depending on was considered. With help reduced model turbine, flat blade, with «pocket», «pocket» slit were tested. test results prove effective...

This study focused on phase separation of activated sludge mixed liquor by flat-sheet membranes of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). A 20 liter working volume lab-scale MBR incorporating immersed PTFE flat-sheet membrane modules with different pore sizes (0.3, 0.5 and 1.0 μm) was operated for 19 days treating a synthetic wastewater. The experiment was interrupted twice at days 5 and 13 when the m...