Greater numeracy has been correlated with better health and financial outcomes in past studies, but causal effects in adults are unknown. In a 9-week longitudinal study, undergraduate students, all taking a psychology statistics course, were randomly assigned to a control condition or a values-affirmation manipulation intended to improve numeracy. By the final week in the course, the numeracy i...

Steady-state spin path. The tip-up pulse (blue) is tailored to the mean free precession angle ( within each voxel, and there is in general a mismatch between the isochromat spin phase in that voxel and the tip-up phase. (b) Transverse magnetization profile vs. phase mismatch. The observed voxel signal is obtained by integrating the profile over the intra-voxel B0 distribution, which depends on ...

Für ein komplexes Feld wie das Wissensmanagement ist Multidisziplinarität unabdingbar, denn nur über die Berücksichtigung mehrerer disziplinund fachspezifischer Perspektiven lassen sich die verschiedenen, zum Teil komplementären Facetten des Wissensmanagements wahrnehmen und begreifen. Die Forderung nach Multi-, Interoder gar Transdisziplinarität wird überall dort artikuliert, wo sich die Probl...

Eight experiments were conducted in which young adults and older adults were asked to report the latest value of 1 of several continuously changing numeric or spatial variables. Accuracy of reporting the current value of the target variable was lower with increases in the number of potentially relevant variables and with increases in the number of required processing operations. Young and older...

In many high-fertility countries, and especially in sub-Saharan Africa, substantial proportions of women give non-numeric responses when asked about desired family size. Demographic transition theory has interpreted responses of "don't know" or "up to God" as evidence of fatalistic attitudes toward childbearing. Alternatively, these responses can be understood as meaningful reactions to uncerta...

This paper introduces the concept of a random variable, which is nothing more than a variable whose numeric value is determined by the outcome of an experiment. To describe the probabilities that are associated with these numeric values in a concise and conceptually useful manner, the probability distribution and probability density function are introduced. Then, the moment generating function ...

Two-dimensional (2D) turbulence in the energy range exhibits nonuniversal features, manifested in the departure (at low k) from the k(-5/3) energy spectrum law, variable energy flux, and irregular, nonlocal transfers. To unravel the underlying mechanism we conducted a detailed study of the 2D turbulence in spectral and physical space. It revealed complex multiscale organization of vorticity fie...

Many claims are being made about the advantages of conducting surveys on the Web. However, there has been little research on the effects of format or design on the levels of unit and item response or on data quality. In a study conducted at the University of Michigan, a number of experiments were added to a survey of the student population to assess the impact of design features on resulting da...

When people estimate a numeric value after judging whether it is larger or smaller than a high or low anchor value (comparative question), estimates are biased in the direction of the anchor. One explanation for this anchoring effect is that people selectively access knowledge consistent with the anchor value as part of a positive test strategy. Two studies (total N = 184) supported the alterna...