Background: Cerebral ischaemia results in a rapid and profound depletion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of the cell. This depletion leads to disruption of cellular homeostasis and cell death. Early replenishment of ATP levels might therefore have a neuroprotective effect in the injured brain. We have previously shown that the ATP precursors, D-ribose and adenine (RibAde), ...

A light scattering turbidity method has been employed to measure the dimensionless colloidal osmotic compressibility of carefully characterized model athermal colloid (silica)-polymer (polystyrene) suspensions. Mixture thermodynamics is controlled by purely repulsive, hard sphere interactions between the particles while the polymer is in a good solvent. Polymer size is varied by nearly 2 orders...

www.aafp.org/afp AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN 93 eral insulin resistance, increased hepatic glucose production, impaired insulin secretion, and fat and protein breakdown, with potential hyperglycemia and even ketosis in some cases. The degree of this response depends on the complexity of the surgery and any postsurgical complications. In addition to counter-regulatory hormone excess and relative i...

Although there has been impressive progress in the elucidation of the genetic and molecular basis of cystic fibrosis (CF), the pathogenesis of CF lung disease remains obscure. The elucidation of the pathogenesis of CF lung disease requires both a full description of normal innate airway defence and how absent function of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator protein (CFTR) adversely pertu...

Circulating blood volume (CBV) was prospectively measured in patients with almost solely smoke inhalation injury (Group I: 10 patients) and in patients with severe cutaneous burn (Group B: 6 patients) consecutively until 96 hours after injury, to assess the effect of either injury on intravascular volume status by the pulse dye-densitometry method. All participants were treated by an ordinary f...

Wood pellets emit CO, CO(2), CH(4), and other volatiles during storage. Increased concentration of these gases in a sealed storage causes depletion of concentration of oxygen. The storage environment becomes toxic to those who operate in and around these storages. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of temperature, moisture, and the relative size of storage headspace on e...

BACKGROUND Phlebotomy represents the standard treatment option for iron overload in hemochromatosis (HC). Recently, red blood cell (RBC) apheresis has increasingly been used to remove iron. In this study we evaluated the depletion program of the newly developed Spectra Optia device. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Adult male patients (n = 11) with HC were RBC depleted with the Spectra Optia device (...

The relationship between the vascular response. to angiotensin II and sodium balance was studied by measuring the volume of specific antiserum needed to block the pressor response to a standard dose of angiotensin II in rats. In normal rats, sodium depletion reduced the volume of antiserum required to prevent a pressor response to 50 ng of angiotensin II from 0.32 to 0.22 ml; sodium loading inc...

We investigate structural alterations of random-loop polymers due to changes in the crowding condition, as a model to study environmental effects on the structure of chromosome subcompartments. The polymer structure is changed in a nonmonotonic fashion with an increasing density of crowders: condensed at small volume fractions; decondensed at high crowding volume fractions. The nonmonotonic beh...

We study the compression of depletion gels under the influence of a gravitational stress by monitoring the time evolution of the gel interface and the local volume fraction, φ, inside the gel. We find φ is not constant throughout the gel. Instead, there is a volume fraction gradient that develops and grows along the gel height as the compression process proceeds. Our results are correctly descr...