we develop and apply the product integration method to a large class of linear weakly singular volterra systems. we show that under certain sufficient conditions this method converges. numerical implementation of the method is illustrated by a benchmark problem originated from heat conduction.

In this paper, spectral properties of the Cauchy problem pantograph equation are examined. We establish boundaries parameter interval in which remains a Volterra problem.

The study aims to identify production function equation between labor and capital into the first order Volterra Integral. This research find that in case of cooperative Indonesia, first, did not correlate with output production. Second, integral can be developed only variables by including Kernel factor which includes equity loan or liability elements. However, object is type business, even tho...