In order to measure the impedance variation process in electrolyte solutions, a method of triangular waveform voltage excitation is investigated together with principal component analysis (PCA). Using triangular waveform voltage as the excitation signal, the response current during one duty cycle is sampled to construct a measurement vector. The measurement matrix is then constructed by the mea...

The increasing number of distributed generators connected to the distribution system at the low and medium voltage level requires a reliable monitoring of distribution grids. Economic considerations prevent a full observation of distribution grids with direct measurements. First state-of-the-art approaches using artificial neural networks (ANN) for monitoring distribution grids with a limited a...

Smart Electricity is quickly developing as the results of advancements in sensor technology. The accuracy of a sensing device is the backbone of every measurement and the fundamental of every electrical quantity measurement is the voltage and current sensing. The sensor calibration in the context of this research means the marking or scaling of the voltage sensor so that it can present accurate...

The voltage instability phenomena occur in both transmission systems and distribution systems. The weakening of voltage stability level will limit the growth of load served by distribution companies. Voltage instability in power distribution systems could lead to voltage collapse and thus power blackouts. The integration of distributed generation (DG) in the distribution system has increased to...

A comparison of the Josephson array voltage standards of the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) and the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig, Germany, was carried out in October 2014 at the level of 10 V. For this exercise, options A and B of the BIPM.EM-K10.b comparison protocol were applied. Option B required the BIPM to provide a reference voltage for measu...