The new beta(2) Adrenoceptor (beta(2)AR) crystal structures provide a high-resolution snapshot of receptor interactions with two particular partial inverse agonists, (-)-carazolol and timolol. However, both experimental and computational studies of GPCR structure are significantly complicated by the existence of multiple conformational states coupled to ligand type and receptor activity. Agonis...

Nutrient deprivation can lead to dramatic changes in feeding behavior, including acceptance of foods that are normally rejected. In flies, this behavioral shift depends in part on reciprocal sensitization and desensitization of sweet and bitter taste, respectively. However, the mechanisms for bitter taste modulation remain unclear. Here, we identify a set of octopaminergic/tyraminergic neurons,...

Abstract Core-shell structured SiC@SiO 2 nanowires and Si@SiO were prepared on the surface of carbon/carbon (C/C) composites by a thermal evaporation method using SiO powders as silicon source Ni(NO 3 ) catalyst. The average diameters are about 145 nm, core-shell diameter ratios 0.41 0.53, respectively. SiO2 shells such two resulted from reaction between CO itself, respectively, based model ana...

Conventional locomotion scoring is a subjective, absolute, and discrete assessment of locomotion. Here we assess pairwise comparison to improve upon the limited intra- interobserver consistency typical conventional scoring. Five observers performed 4-level using 50 video recordings dairy cattle, also assessed 90 pairs videos (composed from same recordings) relative Intra- scores [intraobserver:...

We have identified and characterized an elaborate genetic system in the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi that promotes extensive antigenic variation of a surface-exposed lipoprotein, VlsE. A 28 kb linear plasmid of B. burgdorferi B31 (lp28-1) was found to contain a vmp-like sequence (vls) locus that closely resembles the variable major protein (vmp) system for antigenic variation of...

Dissociative adsorption has been widely simplified as part of the vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) growth model. We found that the addition of specific carrier gases can critically modify the growth rate and growth density of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs). These results were explained by dissociative adsorption of C2H2 molecules and a solid-core VLS growth model. Based on these integrated mechanis...

Abstract Background Vulval lichen sclerosus (VLS) is a common condition. Despite this, there paucity of research investigating the impact on women’s lives. Some women with VLS utilise online forums to discuss their priorities and concerns. This dialogue gives insight into experiences living VLS. Methods We identified most popular public containing discussions between Inductive, thematic analysi...